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Immune system
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=== Production and Storage === ==== Bone marrow ==== White blood cells are produced in [[bone marrow]]. They begin as pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (PSCs or HSCs) meaning they are capable of becoming any of the cells listed above, as well as red blood cells or platelets. T lymphocytes (T cells) are produced in the bone marrow while B lymphocytes (B cells) are both produced and develop to their full function in the bone marrow. ==== Thymus ==== The [[thymus]] is an immune organ that ceases having a functional capacity when puberty begins. During development, including during fetal development, the thymus stores [[T-cell]]s. The thymus is also a part of the [[endocrine system]] as it produces the hormone thymosin. This hormone initiates the maturation of T-cells. Once fully developed, the T-cells leave the thymus for the [[lymph node]]s, where they enter active circulation and begin their immune duties. ==== The lymph system ==== The lymph system, like the circulatory system, is comprised of vessels and nodes all throughout the body. Instead of blood, these vessels carry a slightly opaque, white fluid called lymph. This circulation system is responsible for removing toxins and infectious agents from tissues. Spread throughout the lymph tubes are small, grape-shaped compartments attached in clusters on the sides of vessels. These nodes, concentrated at the neck, upper chest, armpits and groin, constantly filter the lymph liquid of harmful substances. The lymph nodes contain B and T lymphocytes that specifically recognize dangerous material and make antibodies, which further help identify the pathogens, and eliminate them. ==== Spleen ==== The spleen filters the blood of dysfunctional or malformed red blood cells and platelets. It also clears away infectious agents from the blood. Macrophages neutralize all of these potential harms and recycle the products they can for further use by the body (e.g., hemoglobin from defective red blood cells can be put in new red blood cells). Lymphocytes are also stored in the spleen.
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