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Abdominal pain
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'''Abdominal pain''' or '''stomach pain''' is a common complaint in [[ME/CFS]]. It often forms a part of a diagnosis of [[irritable bowel syndrome]] (IBS)<ref>{{Citation needed | date = 2022}}</ref> or [[gastroparesis]]<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf | title=Your Upper Digestive Distress is NOT: IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome) | last = The Gastroparesis and Dysmotilities Association | first = | author-link = | date = | website = The Gastroparesis and Dysmotilities Association| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2019-07-09}}</ref> both of which are common in [[ME/CFS]] patients, although it may have other causes, such as ulcers and should be investigated to rule out alternate diagnoses. ==Prevalence== *[[Katrina Berne]], PhD, reports a prevalence of 50-90% for IBS symptoms (including diarrhea, nausea, gas, and abdominal pain).<ref>{{Cite book | last = Berne | first = Katrina | author-link = Katrina Berne | date = Dec 1, 1995 | title = Running on Empty: The Complete Guide to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFIDS)|edition= 2nd |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/Running-Empty-Complete-Chronic-Syndrome/dp/0897931912/ | publisher = Hunter House | page = 58 |isbn= 978-0897931915}}</ref> *In a 2001 Belgian study, 81.8% of patients meeting the [[Fukuda criteria]] and 85.6% of patients meeting the [[Holmes criteria]], in a cohort of 2073 [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] patients, reported gastrointestinal disturbance.<ref name="DeBecker2001">{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first = Pascale | author-link = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | author-link2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | author-link3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = Dec 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed | journal = Journal of Internal Medicine | volume = 250 | issue = 3 | pages = 234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==ME/CFS == Maes et al. (2014) found that both abdominal pain/cramps and abdominal pain that eased after a bowel movement were significantly more common in [[ME/CFS]] compared to [[chronic fatigue]] patients.<ref name="Maes2014IBS">{{Cite journal | title = Evidence for the existence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without abdominal discomfort (irritable bowel) syndrome | date = 2014 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433843/ | journal = Neuro Endocrinology Letters | volume = 35 | issue = 6 | pages = 445–453 | last = Maes | first = Michael | author-link = Michael Maes | last2 = Leunis | first2 = Jean-Claude | author-link2 = Jean-Claude Leunis | last3 = Geffard | first3 = Michel | author-link3 = | last4 = Berk | first4 = Michael | author-link4 = Michael Berk|doi=|pmc=|pmid=25433843|access-date=|issn=0172-780X|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== Abdominal pain is significantly more common in [[pediatric myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome|children with ME/CFS]] compared top adults with ME/CFS.<ref name="JasonL2006paed">{{Cite journal | last1 = Jason | first1 = Leonard A | author-link1 = Leonard Jason | last2 = Jordan | first2 = Karen | author-link2 = Karen Jordan | last3 = Miike | first3 = Teruhisa | author-link3 = Teruhisa Miike | last4 = Bell | first4 = David S | author-link4 = David Bell | last5 = Lapp | first5 = Charles| author-link5 = Charles Lapp | last6 = Torres-Harding | first6 = Susan | author-link6 = Susan Torres-Harding | last7 = Rowe | first7 = Kathy | author-link8 = Kathy Rowe | last8 = Gurwitt | first8 = Alan | author-link8 = Alan Gurwitt | last9 = De Meirleir | first9 = Kenny | author-link9 = Kenny de Meirleir | last10 = Van Hoof | first10 = Elke LS | author-link10 = Elke Van Hoof | title = A Pediatric Case Definition for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 1-44 | date = 2006 | doi = 10.1300/J092v13n02_01 }}</ref> ===Long COVID === Abdominal pain is a potential symptom of [[Long COVID]] in the [[World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria|World Health Organization]]'s definition.<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria">{{citation | title = A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus | date = Oct 6, 2021 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | others = World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition | first1 = Joan B. | last1 = Soriano | first2 = Maya | last2 = Allan | first3 = Carine | last3 = Alsokhn | first4 = Nisreen A. | last4 = Alwan | author-link4 = Nisreen Alwan | first5 = Lisa | last5 = Askie | first6 = Hannah E. | last6 = Davis | author-link6 = Hannah Davis | first7 = Janet V. | last7 = Diaz | first8 = Tarun | last8 = Dua | first9 = Wouter | last9 = de Groote | first10 = Robert | last10 = Jakob | first11 = Marta | last11 = Lado | first12 = John | last12 = Marshall | first13 = Srin | last13 = Murthy | first14 = Jacobus | last14 = Preller | first15 = Pryanka | last15 = Relan | first16 = Nicoline | last16 = Schiess | first17 = Archana | last17 = Seahwag | ref = WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1 | url = https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1}}</ref> ==Research studies== * 2010, Gut inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Lakhan2010">{{Cite journal | last = Lakhan | first = Shaheen E | last2 = Kirchgessner | first2 = Annette | date = 2010 | title = Gut inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome | url = http://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-7-79 | journal = Nutrition & Metabolism|language=en | volume = 7 | issue = 1 | pages = 79|doi=10.1186/1743-7075-7-79|issn=1743-7075}}</ref> ==Possible causes== *[[Gastroparesis]] *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] ==Potential treatments== *[[Antibiotic]]s *Diet, such as the [[low FODMAP diet]] *[[Probiotic]]s{{citation needed | date = 2021}} ==See also== *[[:Category:Digestive signs and symptoms|Digestive signs and symptoms]] *[[Gastroparesis]] *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] *[[Migraine]] *[[:Category:Pain signs and symptoms|Pain signs and symptoms]] ==Learn more== *[http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf Leaflet on abdominal symptoms in CFS/ME] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Pain signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Digestive signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]]
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