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The '''bibcode''' (also known as the '''refcode''') is a compact identifier used by several astronomical data systems to uniquely specify literature references. == Format == The code has a fixed length of 19 characters and has the form :<code>YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA</code> where <code>YYYY</code> is the four-digit year of the reference and <code>JJJJJ</code> is a code indicating where the reference was published. In the case of a journal reference, <code>VVVV</code> is the volume number, <code>M</code> indicates the section of the journal where the reference was published (e.g., <code>L</code> for a letters section), <code>PPPP</code> gives the starting page number, and <code>A</code> is the first letter of the last name of the first author. Periods (<code>.</code>) are used to fill unused fields and to pad fields out to their fixed length if too short; padding is done on the right for the publication code and on the left for the volume number and page number. Page numbers greater than 9999 are continued in the <code>M</code> column. The 6-digit article ID numbers (in lieu of page numbers) used by the Physical Review publications since the late 1990s are treated as follows: The first two digits of the article ID, corresponding to the issue number, are converted to a lower-case letter (01 = a, etc.) and inserted into column <code>M</code>. The remaining four digits are used in the page field. == Examples == Some examples of bibcodes are: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Bibcode ! Reference |- | <code>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974AJ.....79..819H 1974AJ.....79..819H]</code> | {{cite journal | last = Heintz | first = W.D. | date = 1974 | title = Astrometric study of four visual binaries | journal = The Astronomical Journal | volume = 79 | pages = 819–825 |doi=10.1086/111614 |bibcode = 1974AJ.....79..819H }} |- | <code>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1924MNRAS..84..308E 1924MNRAS..84..308E]</code> | {{cite journal | last = Eddington | first = A. S. | date = 1924 | title = On the relation between the masses and luminosities of the stars | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volume = 84 | issue = 5 | pages = 308–332 |bibcode = 1924MNRAS..84..308E | doi = 10.1093/mnras/84.5.308 }} |- | <code>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970ApJ...161L..77K 1970ApJ...161L..77K]</code> | {{cite journal | last1 = Kemp | first1 = J.C. | last2 = Swedlund | first2 = J.B. | last3 = Landstreet | first3 = J.D. | last4 = Angel | first4 = J. R. P. | date = 1970 | title = Discovery of circularly polarized light from a white dwarf | journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters | volume = 161 | pages=L77–L79 |doi=10.1086/180574 |bibcode = 1970ApJ...161L..77K }} |- | <code>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PhRvL..93o0801M 2004PhRvL..93o0801M]</code> | {{cite journal | last1 = Mukherjee | first1 = M. | last2 = Kellerbauer | first2 = A. | last3 = Beck | first3 = D. | last4 = Blaum | first4 = K. | last5 = Bollen | first5 = G. | last6 = Carrel | first6 = F. | last7 = Delahaye | first7 = P. | last8 = Dilling | first8 = J. | last9 = George | first9 = S. | last10 = Guénaut | first10 = C. | last11 = Herfurth | first11 = F. | last12 = Herlert | first12 = A. | last13 = Kluge | first13 = H.-J. | last14 = Köster | first14 = U. | last15 = Lunney | first15 = D. | last16 = Schwarz | first16 = S. | last17 = Schweikhard | first17 = L. | last18 = Yazidjian | first18 = C. | date = 2004 | title = The Mass of <sup>22</sup>Mg | journal = Physical Review Letters | volume = 93 | issue = 15 | pages = 150801 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.93.150801 |bibcode = 2004PhRvL..93o0801M | url = http://cds.cern.ch/record/798313/files/PhysRevLett.93.150801.pdf }} |} == See also == * [[Digital object identifier]] * [[PubMed Central]] * [[PMID]] ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode Wikipedia] [[Category:Identifiers]]
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