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Biotin
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'''Biotin''' (Vitamin B<sub>7</sub>) is a water soluble, [[B vitamin|B-complex]] vitamin. It plays a key role in the [[metabolism]] of [[Lipid|lipids]], [[Protein|proteins]] and [[Carbohydrate|carbohydrates]]. It is a critical [[co-enzyme]] of five carboxylases: [[acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase]] 1 and acetyl Co-enzyme A carboxylase 2,; [[propionyl Co-enzyme A carboxylase]]; [[β-methylcrotonyl Co-enzyme A carboxylase]]; and [[pyruvate Co-enzyme A carboxylase]]. ==RDA== The recommended daily amount for adults is 30mcg (micrograms, or mcg) for both males and females in the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-HealthProfessional/ | title = Office of Dietary Supplements - Biotin | last = NIH | first = | date = |work= | access-date = 2018-11-17| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | language=en}}</ref> In [[Australia]] 30μg of biotin is recommended for adult men, and 25μg for women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding.<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.nrv.gov.au/nutrients/biotin | title = Biotin | last = nrv.gov.au | first = | date = 2014-03-17 | website = nrv.gov.au|language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2018-11-17}}</ref> ==Deficiency== Excessive biotin is rare but can develop with prolonged consumption of raw egg whites total intravenous nutritional support lacking biotin. Women may develop subclinical biotin deficiency during pregnancy. [[Anticonvulsants]] increase the risk of Biotin deficiency.<ref>{{Cite news |url =http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/biotin | title = Biotin | date = 2014-04-22|work=Linus Pauling Institute | access-date = 2018-11-17|language=en}}</ref> Some people deficient in biotin may have '''biotinidase deficiency''', a genetic mutation that (partially) worsens biotin recycling by the body.<ref name="biotinidase-d">https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/biotinidase-deficiency/</ref> ==Chronic fatigue syndrome== A blinded randomised controlled trial of a supplement containing 40mcg of biotin and many other [[Vitamin|vitamins]], [[Mineral|minerals]] and [[Trace element|trace elements]] did not find any benefit to people with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Brouwers | first = F. M. | author-link = | last2 = Van Der Werf | first2 = S. | author-link2 = | last3 = Bleijenberg | first3 = G. | author-link3 = | last4 = Van Der Zee | first4 = L. | author-link4 = | last5 = Van Der Meer | first5 = J. W.M. | author-link5 = | date = Oct 2002 | title = The effect of a polynutrient supplement on fatigue and physical activity of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: a double-blind randomized controlled trial | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12324640 | journal = QJM: monthly journal of the Association of Physicians | volume = 95 | issue = 10 | pages = 677–683|issn=1460-2725|pmid=12324640|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Other diseases== High dose biotin is currently being studied in [[Multiple sclerosis]].<ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02220244?term=NCT02220244&rank=1 | title = Effect of MD1003 in Chronic Visual Loss Related to Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis - ClinicalTrials.gov | access-date = 2018-11-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url =https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02220933?term=NCT02220933&rank=1 | title = Effect of MD1003 in Spinal Progressive Multiple Sclerosis - ClinicalTrials.gov | access-date = 2018-11-17|language=en}}</ref> ==Learn more== *[https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Biotin-HealthProfessional/ Biotin] - National Institute of Health *[http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/vitamins/biotin Biotin, the Linus Pauling Institute] ==See also== *[[Vitamin]] *[[B vitamin]] *[[:Category:Vitamins]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:B vitamins]] [[Category:Nutrients]]
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