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Blood donation
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== Transmission of ME/CFS on blood == Although there have been many [[List of myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome outbreaks|outbreaks]] of people developing [[myalgic encephalomyelitis]] (ME), [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] (CFS), or [[Disease Names|its many earlier names]] such as [[1948-49 Akureyri outbreak|Icelandic disease]], [[Tapanui Flu]], and [[Royal Free disease]], [[Infectious disease hypothesis|a singular infectious trigger]] has not been found, but one has also not been ruled out.<ref name="UnderhillInfectious">{{Cite journal | last = Underhill | first = Rosemary A. | last2 = O'Gorman | first2 = Ruth | date = 2006-01-01 | title = Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Within Families of CFS Patients |url = https://doi.org/10.1300/J092v13n01_02 | journal = Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | volume = 13 | issue = 1 | pages = 3–13|doi=10.1300/J092v13n01_02|issn=1057-3321}}</ref><ref name="causes" /> ME/CFS patients are known to have higher rates of infections including [[enterovirus]] infections than the general population, adding extra risk to recipients.<ref name="Hanson2021">{{Cite journal | title = The Enterovirus Theory of Disease Etiology in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Critical Review | date = 2021 | url = https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmed.2021.688486 | journal = Frontiers in Medicine | volume = 8 | issue = | pages = 688486 | last = O'Neal | first = Adam J. | author-link = | last2 = Hanson | first2 = Maureen R. | author-link2 = Maureen Hanson|doi=10.3389/fmed.2021.688486/abstract|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=2296-858X|quote=|via=}}</ref> From 2009 to 2011, some [[xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus|XMRV]] research showed the virus was found in chronic fatigue syndrome patients and was a likely cause of CFS, which led to restrictions being brought in on blood donation,<ref name="Post2010">{{Cite news |url = http://voices.washingtonpost.com/checkup/2010/12/red_cross_bars_chronic_fatique.html | title = Red Cross bars chronic fatigue patients from donating blood | last = Stein | first = Rob | author-link = | date = Dec 3, 2010| publisher = Washington Post| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=}}</ref> but the research proved to be wrong and the original paper was retracted as the virus was found to be the result of laboratory contamination, and other studies did not find the same results.<ref name="Redaction">{{Cite journal | date = Dec 2012 | title = Redaction, retraction and reaction | url = https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro2928 | journal = Nature Reviews Microbiology|language=en | volume = 10 | issue = 12 | pages = 799|doi=10.1038/nrmicro2928|issn=1740-1534}}</ref><ref name="transfusionnews">{{Cite web | url = https://transfusionnews.com/2012/10/05/multicenter-study-finds-no-correlation-between-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-and-xmrv/ | title = Multicenter Study Finds No Correlation between Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and XMRV | website = transfusionnews.com | access-date = 2019-02-13}}</ref> After this, many blood donation restrictions remained,<ref name="Wilson2014"/> with various reasons being given including the higher rates of infectious diseases found in ME/CFS patients (which could be transmitted by blood), concern for the effects of blood donation on the health of ME/CFS donors, and lack of knowledge about how ME/CFS develops making it impossible to be sure that donated blood was safe.<ref name="Wilson2014"/>
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