Carmen Scheibenbogen

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Professor Doctor Carmen Scheibenbogen is an Internal Medicine physician, ME/CFS doctor and the Professor for Immunology and Deputy Chair, Institute of Medical Immunology, at the University Hospital Charité in Berlin, Germany. Her research focuses on the role of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), particularly the characterization of EBV specific B cell and T cell response and the enhanced antibody response against EBV peptides in myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) versus healthy controls.[1]

Wirth-Scheibenbogen unifying hypothesis of ME/CFS[edit | edit source]

Between 2020 and 2021, with Prof. Dr Klaus Wirth, Prof. Scheibenbogen published a set of articles describing a detailed hypothesis of the pathophysiology of ME/CFS.[2][3][4]

EUROMENE[edit | edit source]

Professor Scheibenbogen is the Leader of the Biomarkers Working Group of EUROMENE, a European Union, COST Action CA15111, not-for-profit research organization committed to tackling the cause and treatment for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.[5]

Diagnostic test[edit | edit source]

Professor Scheibenbogen helped create the CellTrend Diagnostic Test which may help identify a subset of 20-30% of all patients with ME/CFS. These patients have elevated levels of three auto-antibodies, i.e., against the b2-adrenergic receptor, against the muscarinic cholinergic receptor 3 (M3) and against the muscarinic cholinergic receptor 4 (M4).[6]

Awards[edit | edit source]

Notable studies[edit | edit source]

  • 2014, Deficient EBV-Specific B- and T-Cell Response in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[9] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Frequent IgG subclass and mannose binding lectin deficiency in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[10] - (Full Text)
  • 2015, Polymorphism in COMT is associated with IgG3 subclass level and susceptibility to infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome[11] - (Full Text)
  • 2016, Antibodies to β adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[12] - (Full Text)
  • 2017, Serological profiling of the EBV immune response in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome using a peptide microarray[13] - (Full Text)
  • 2017, The European ME/CFS Biomarker Landscape project: an initiative of the European network EUROMENE[14] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Evidence for an autoimmune disease[15] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Immunoadsorption to remove ß2 adrenergic receptor antibodies in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFS/ME[16] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, The expression signature of very long non-coding RNA in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[17] - (Full Text)
  • 2018, Prevalence and incidence of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Europe—the Euro-epiME study from the European network EUROMENE: a protocol for a systematic review[18] - (Full text)
  • 2018, Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)[19] - (Full text)
  • 2020, IgG stimulated β2 adrenergic receptor activation is attenuated in patients with ME/CFS[20] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and the Coordination of Antiviral and Metabolic Phenotypes in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[21] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Burden of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Across Europe: Current Evidence and EUROMENE Research Recommendations for Epidemiology[22] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Peripheral endothelial dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[23] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Autoimmunity-Related Risk Variants in PTPN22 and CTLA4 Are Associated With ME/CFS With Infectious Onset[24] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Efficacy of Repeat Immunoadsorption[25] - (Full text)
  • 2020, A Unifying Hypothesis of the Pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Recognitions from the finding of autoantibodies against ß2-adrenergic receptors[2] - (Full text)
  • 2020, Autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) patients - A validation study in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from two Swedish cohorts[26] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle disturbances in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)[3] - (Full text)
  • 2021, The SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: analysis of high-throughput epigenetic and gene expression studies[27] - (Full text)
  • 2021, European Network on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (EUROMENE): Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision, and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe[28] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Autoantibodies to Vasoregulative G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Correlate with Symptom Severity, Autonomic Dysfunction and Disability in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[29] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Tolerability and Efficacy of s.c. IgG Self-Treatment in ME/CFS Patients with IgG/IgG Subclass Deficiency: A Proof-of-Concept Study[30] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Medical Care Situation of People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Germany[31] - (Full text)
  • 2021, An attempt to explain the neurological symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[4] - (Full text)
  • 2021, S1 Guideline Post-COVID/Long-COVID[32] - (Full text, in German)
  • 2021, Causal attributions and perceived stigma for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome[33] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Herpesviruses Serology Distinguishes Different Subgroups of Patients From the United Kingdom Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Biobank[34] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Hand grip strength and fatigability: correlation with clinical parameters and diagnostic suitability in ME/CFS[35] - (Full text)
  • 2021, Delineating the Association Between Soluble CD26 and Autoantibodies Against G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Immunological and Cardiovascular Parameters Identifies Distinct Patterns in Post-Infectious vs. Non-Infection-Triggered Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome[36] - (Full text)

Clinic location[edit | edit source]

  • Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

Talks and interviews[edit | edit source]

Online presence[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

Learn more[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. "International ME Conferences and Colloquiums Home Page". investinme.org. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Wirth, Klaus; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (June 1, 2020). "A Unifying Hypothesis of the Pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): Recognitions from the finding of autoantibodies against ß2-adrenergic receptors". Autoimmunity Reviews. 19 (6): 102527. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102527. ISSN 1568-9972.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Wirth, Klaus J.; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (April 21, 2021). "Pathophysiology of skeletal muscle disturbances in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 19 (1): 162. doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02833-2. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 8058748. PMID 33882940.
  4. 4.0 4.1 Wirth, Klaus J.; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Paul, Friedemann (November 22, 2021). "An attempt to explain the neurological symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Journal of Translational Medicine. 19 (1): 471. doi:10.1186/s12967-021-03143-3. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 8607226. PMID 34809664.
  5. "Action CA15111". COST. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  6. "POTS - CFS/ME - CRPS". CellTrend Luckenwalde. Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  7. "2016 Ramsay Award Program Results". Solve ME/CFS Initiative. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  8. "2017 Ramsay Award Program Results". Solve ME/CFS Initiative. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
  9. Loebel, Madlen; Strohschein, Kristin; Giannini, Carolin; Koelsch, Uwe; Bauer, Sandra; Doebis, Cornelia; Thomas, Sybill; Unterwalder, Nadine; von Baehr, Volker; Reinke, Petra; Knops, Michael; Hanitsch, Leif G.; Meisel, Christian; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (January 15, 2014). "Deficient EBV-Specific B- and T-Cell Response in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". PLoS One. 9 (1): e85387. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085387.
  10. Guenther, Sabrina; Loebel, Madlen; Mooslechner, Agnes A; Knops, Michael; Hanitsch, Leif G; Grabowski, Patricia; Wittke, Kirsten; Meisel, Christian; Unterwalder, Nadine; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2015). "Frequent IgG subclass and mannose binding lectin deficiency in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Human Immunology. 76 (10): 729-35. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.028.
  11. Loebel, Madlen; Mooslechner, Agnes Anna; Bauer, Sandra; Günther, Sabrina; Letsch, Anne; Hanitsch, Leif G; Grabowski, Patricia; Meisel, Christian; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2015). "Polymorphism in COMT is associated with IgG3 subclass level and susceptibility to infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Translational Medicine. 13: 264. doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0628-4. PMC 4536662. PMID 26272340.
  12. Loebel, M; Grabowski, P; Heidecke, H; Bauer, S; Hanitsch, LG; Wittke, K; Meisel, C; Reinke, P; Volk, H; Fluge, Ø; Mella, O; Scheibenbogen, C (2016). "Antibodies to β adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Brain, behavior, and immunity. 52: 32-39. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.09.013. PMID 26399744.
  13. Loebel, Madlen; Eckey, Maren; Sotzny, Franziska; Hahn, Elisabeth; Bauer, Sandra; Grabowski, Patricia; Zerweck, Johannes; Holenya, Pavlo; Hanitsch, Leif G.; Wittke, Kirsten; Borchmann, Peter; Rüffer, Jens-Ulrich; Hiepe, Falk; Ruprecht, Klemens; Behrends, Uta; Meindl, Carola; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Reimer, Ulf; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2017). "Serological profiling of the EBV immune response in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome using a peptide microarray". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0179124. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179124.
  14. Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Freitag, Helma; Blanco, Julià; Capelli, Enrica; Lacerda, Eliana; Authier, Jerome; Meeus, Mira; Castro Marrero, Jesus; Nora-Krukle, Zaiga; Oltra, Elisa; Strand, Elin Bolle; Shikova, Evelina; Sekulic, Slobodan; Murovska, Modra (July 26, 2017). "The European ME/CFS Biomarker Landscape project: an initiative of the European network EUROMENE". Journal of Translational Medicine. 15 (1). doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1263-z. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 5530475. PMID 28747192.
  15. Sotzny, Franziska; Blanco, Julià; Capelli, Enrica; Castro-Marrero, Jesús; Steiner, Sophie; Murovska, Modra; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2018). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome – Evidence for an autoimmune disease". Autoimmunity Reviews. 17 (6): 601-609. doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2018.01.009. PMID 29635081.
  16. Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Loebel, Madlen; Freitag, Helma; Krueger, Anne; Bauer, Sandra; Antelmann, Michaela; Doehner, Wolfram; Scherbakov, Nadja; Heidecke, Harald; Reinke, Petra; Volk, Hans-Dieter; Grabowski, Patricia (2018). "Immunoadsorption to remove ß2 adrenergic receptor antibodies in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome CFS/ME". PLoS ONE. 13 (3): e0193672. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193672.
  17. Yang, Chin-An; Bauer, Sandra; Ho, Yu-Chen; Sotzny, Franziska; Chang, Jan-Gowth; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (August 17, 2018). "The expression signature of very long non-coding RNA in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Translational Medicine. 16: 231. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1600-x. ISSN 1479-5876.
  18. Estévez-López, Fernando; Castro-Marrero, Jesus; Wang, Xia; Bakken, Inger Johanne; Ivanovs, Andrejs; Nacul, Luis; Sepúlveda, Nuno; Strand, Elin B.; Pheby, Derek; Alegre, José; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Shikova, Evelina; Lorusso, Lorenzo; Capelli, Enrica; Sekulic, Slobodan; Lacerda, Eliana; Murovska, Modra (September 1, 2018). "Prevalence and incidence of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome in Europe—the Euro-epiME study from the European network EUROMENE: a protocol for a systematic review". BMJ Open. 8 (9): e020817. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020817. ISSN 2044-6055. PMID 30181183.
  19. Rasa, Santa; Nora-Krukle, Zaiga; Henning, Nina; Eliassen, Eva; Shikova, Evelina; Harrer, Thomas; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Murovska, Modra; Prusty, Bhupesh K.; European Network on ME/CFS (EUROMENE) (October 1, 2018). "Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)". Journal of Translational Medicine. 16 (1). doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1644-y. ISSN 1479-5876. PMID 30285773.
  20. Hartwig, Jelka; Sotzny, Franziska; Bauer, Sandra; Heidecke, Harald; Riemekasten, Gabriela; Dragun, Duska; Meisel, Christian; Dames, Claudia; Grabowski, Patricia; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (March 1, 2020). "IgG stimulated β2 adrenergic receptor activation is attenuated in patients with ME/CFS". Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health. 3: 100047. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100047. ISSN 2666-3546.
  21. Schreiner, Philipp; Harrer, Thomas; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Lamer, Stephanie; Schlosser, Andreas; Naviaux, Robert K.; Prusty, Bhupesh K. (April 1, 2020). "Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation, Mitochondrial Fragmentation, and the Coordination of Antiviral and Metabolic Phenotypes in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". ImmunoHorizons. 4 (4): 201–215. doi:10.4049/immunohorizons.2000006. ISSN 2573-7732. PMID 32327453.
  22. Estévez-López, Fernando; Mudie, Kathleen; Wang-Steverding, Xia; Bakken, Inger Johanne; Ivanovs, Andrejs; Castro-Marrero, Jesús; Nacul, Luis; Alegre, Jose; Zalewski, Paweł; Słomko, Joanna; Bolle Strand, Elin; Pheby, Derek; Shikova, Evelina; Lorusso, Lorenzo; Capelli, Enrica; Sekulic, Slobodan; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Sepúlveda, Nuno; Murovska, Modra; Lacerda, Eliana (May 2020). (EUROMENE). "Systematic Review of the Epidemiological Burden of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Across Europe: Current Evidence and EUROMENE Research Recommendations for Epidemiology". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (5): 1557. doi:10.3390/jcm9051557.
  23. Scherbakov, Nadja; Szklarski, Marvin; Hartwig, Jelka; Sotzny, Franziska; Lorenz, Sebastian; Meyer, Antje; Grabowski, Patricia; Doehner, Wolfram; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2020). "Peripheral endothelial dysfunction in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". ESC Heart Failure. 7 (3): 1064–1071. doi:10.1002/ehf2.12633. ISSN 2055-5822. PMC 7261521. PMID 32154656.
  24. Steiner, Sophie; Becker, Sonya C.; Hartwig, Jelka; Sotzny, Franziska; Lorenz, Sebastian; Bauer, Sandra; Löbel, Madlen; Stittrich, Anna B.; Grabowski, Patricia; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2020). "Autoimmunity-Related Risk Variants in PTPN22 and CTLA4 Are Associated With ME/CFS With Infectious Onset". Frontiers in Immunology. 11: 578. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00578. ISSN 1664-3224.
  25. Tölle, Markus; Freitag, Helma; Antelmann, Michaela; Hartwig, Jelka; Schuchardt, Mirjam; van der Giet, Markus; Eckardt, Kai-Uwe; Grabowski, Patricia; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (July 30, 2020). "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Efficacy of Repeat Immunoadsorption". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 9 (8): 2443. doi:10.3390/jcm9082443. ISSN 2077-0383. PMC 7465279. PMID 32751659.
  26. Bynke, Annie; Julin, Per; Gottfries, Carl-Gerhard; Heidecke, Harald; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Bergquist, Jonas (August 2020). "Autoantibodies to beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) patients - A validation study in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from two Swedish cohorts". Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health. 7: 100107. doi:10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100107. ISSN 2666-3546. PMC 8474431. PMID 34589868.
  27. Malato, João; Sotzny, Franziska; Bauer, Sandra; Freitag, Helma; Fonseca, André; Grabowska, Anna D; Graça, Luís; Cordeiro, Clara; Nacul, Luís; Lacerda, Eliana M; Castro-Marrero, Jesus; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Westermeier, Francisco; Sepúlveda, Nuno (March 24, 2021). "The SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: analysis of high-throughput epigenetic and gene expression studies". medRxiv. doi:10.1101/2021.03.23.21254175. PMID 33791744.
  28. Nacul, Luis; Authier, François Jérôme; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Lorusso, Lorenzo; Helland, Ingrid Bergliot; Martin, Jose Alegre; Sirbu, Carmen Adella; Mengshoel, Anne Marit; Polo, Olli; Behrends, Uta; Nielsen, Henrik; Grabowski, Patricia; Sekulic, Slobodan; Sepulveda, Nuno; Estévez-López, Fernando; Zalewski, Pawel; Pheby, Derek F.H.; Castro-Marrero, Jesus; Sakkas, Giorgos K.; Capelli, Enrica; Brundsdlund, Ivan; Cullinan, John; Krumina, Angelika; Bergquist, Jonas; Murovska, Modra; Vermuelen, Ruud C.W.; Lacerda, Eliana M. (May 2021). (EUROMENE). "European Network on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (EUROMENE): Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis, Service Provision, and Care of People with ME/CFS in Europe". Medicina. 57 (5): 510. doi:10.3390/medicina57050510. PMC 8161074. PMID 34069603.
  29. Freitag, Helma; Szklarski, Marvin; Lorenz, Sebastian; Sotzny, Franziska; Bauer, Sandra; Philippe, Aurélie; Kedor, Claudia; Grabowski, Patricia; Lange, Tanja; Riemekasten, Gabriela; Heidecke, Harald; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (January 2021). "Autoantibodies to Vasoregulative G-Protein-Coupled Receptors Correlate with Symptom Severity, Autonomic Dysfunction and Disability in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (16): 3675. doi:10.3390/jcm10163675.
  30. Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Sotzny, Franziska; Hartwig, Jelka; Bauer, Sandra; Freitag, Helma; Wittke, Kirsten; Doehner, Wolfram; Scherbakov, Nadja; Loebel, Madlen; Grabowski, Patricia Grabowski (January 2021). "Tolerability and Efficacy of s.c. IgG Self-Treatment in ME/CFS Patients with IgG/IgG Subclass Deficiency: A Proof-of-Concept Study". Journal of Clinical Medicine. 10 (11): 2420. doi:10.3390/jcm10112420. PMC 8198960. PMID 34072494.
  31. Froehlich, Laura; Hattesohl, Daniel B.R.; Jason, Leonard A.; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Behrends, Uta; Thoma, Manuel (July 2021). "Medical Care Situation of People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Germany". Medicina. 57 (7): 646. doi:10.3390/medicina57070646. PMC 8306083. PMID 34201825.
  32. Koczulla, Andreas Rembert; Ankermann, Tobias; Behrends, Uta; Berlit, Peter; Böing, Sebastian; Brinkmann, Folke; Franke, Christian; Glöckl, Rainer; Gogoll, Christian; Hummel, Thomas; Kronsbein, Juliane; Maibaum, Thomas; Peters, Eva M.J.; Pfeifer, Michael; Platz, Thomas; Pletz, Matthias; Pongratz, Georg; Powitz, Frank; Rabe, Klaus F.; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Stallmach, Andreas; Stegbauer, Michael; Wagner, Hans Otto; Waller, Christiane; Wirtz, Hubert; Zeiher, Andreas; Zwick, Ralf Harun (November 2021). "S1-Leitlinie Post-COVID/Long-COVID" [S1 Guideline Post-COVID/Long-COVID]. Pneumologie (in Deutsch). 75 (11): 869–900. doi:10.1055/a-1551-9734. ISSN 0934-8387.
  33. Froehlich, Laura; Hattesohl, Daniel Br; Cotler, Joseph; Jason, Leonard A.; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Behrends, Uta (July 9, 2021). "Causal attributions and perceived stigma for myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome". Journal of Health Psychology: 13591053211027631. doi:10.1177/13591053211027631. ISSN 1461-7277. PMID 34240650.
  34. Domingues, Tiago Dias; Grabowska, Anna D.; Lee, Ji-Sook; Ameijeiras-Alonso, Jose; Westermeier, Francisco; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Cliff, Jacqueline M.; Nacul, Luis; Lacerda, Eliana M.; Mouriño, Helena; Sepúlveda, Nuno (2021). "Herpesviruses Serology Distinguishes Different Subgroups of Patients From the United Kingdom Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Biobank". Frontiers in Medicine. 8: 686736. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.686736. ISSN 2296-858X. PMC 8287507. PMID 34291062.
  35. Jäkel, Bianka; Kedor, Claudia; Grabowski, Patricia; Wittke, Kirsten; Thiel, Silvia; Scherbakov, Nadja; Doehner, Wolfram; Scheibenbogen, Carmen; Freitag, Helma (April 19, 2021). "Hand grip strength and fatigability: correlation with clinical parameters and diagnostic suitability in ME/CFS". Journal of Translational Medicine. 19 (1): 159. doi:10.1186/s12967-021-02774-w. ISSN 1479-5876. PMC 8056497. PMID 33874961.
  36. Szklarski, Marvin; Freitag, Helma; Lorenz, Sebastian; Becker, Sonya C.; Sotzny, Franziska; Bauer, Sandra; Hartwig, Jelka; Heidecke, Harald; Wittke, Kirsten; Kedor, Claudia; Hanitsch, Leif G.; Grabowski, Patricia; Sepúlveda, Nuno; Scheibenbogen, Carmen (2021). "Delineating the Association Between Soluble CD26 and Autoantibodies Against G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Immunological and Cardiovascular Parameters Identifies Distinct Patterns in Post-Infectious vs. Non-Infection-Triggered Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome". Frontiers in Immunology. 12: 644548. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.644548. ISSN 1664-3224. PMC 8056217. PMID 33889154.