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Creatine kinase
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'''Creatine kinase''' (CK) is an enzyme that uses [[ATP]] to convert [[creatine]] into [[phosphocreatine]] and [[adenosine diphosphate]]. It is an enzyme found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Creatine kinase is a [[biomarker|marker]] of tissue damage. There are three [[isoenzymes]] of creatine kinase: skeletal muscle CK-MM, myocardium CK-MB, & brain and smooth muscle CK-BB. Elevated levels are found in patients suffering from [[heart attack]], severe muscle breakdown, and [[muscular dystrophy]]. A study found increased levels of creatine kinase in the [[Muscle biopsy|muscle biopses]] of patients with [[postviral fatigue syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Archard | first = L.C. | last2 = Bowles | first2 = N.E. | last3 = Behan | first3 = P.O. | last4 = Bell | first4 = E.J. | last5 = Doyle | first5 = D. | date = 1988 | title = Postviral fatigue syndrome: persistence of enterovirus RNA in muscle and elevated creatine kinase | url =http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3404526|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|volume=81|issue=6 | pages = 326β329|doi=10.1177/014107688808100608|issn=0141-0768|pmc=|pmid=3404526|via=}}</ref> A study measured plasma creatine kinase as a surrogate measure of a lowered oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of ME/CFS patients (n=15) and healthy controls. They found low plasma creatine kinase levels before and 24 hours after an exercise challenge in ME/CFS patients and healthy controls. This suggested muscle mitochondria were normal, since 24 hours after strenuous exercise CK did not leak to the blood, as is the case in patients with defective oxidative phosphorylation.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Vermeulen | first = Ruud CW | last2 = Kurk | first2 = Ruud M | last3 = Visser | first3 = Frans C | last4 = Sluiter | first4 = Wim | last5 = Scholte | first5 = Hans R | date = Dec 2010 | title = Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome performed worse than controls in a controlled repeated exercise study despite a normal oxidative phosphorylation capacity | url = https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-8-93|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.1186/1479-5876-8-93|issn=1479-5876|pmc=2964609|pmid=20937116| pages=|quote= | authorlink = Ruud Vermeulen | authorlink2 = Ruud Kurk | author-link3 = Frans Visser | author-link4 = Wim Sluiter | author-link5 = Hans Scholte|via=}}</ref> A 2019 study found markedly reduced serum CK concentrations in severe ME/CFS (n=56), but not in less severe cases.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Nacul | last2 = de Barros | last3 = Kingdon | last4 = Cliff | last5 = Clark | last6 = Mudie | last7 = Dockrell | last8 = Lacerda | date = 2019-04-10 | title = Evidence of Clinical Pathology Abnormalities in People with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) from an Analytic Cross-Sectional Study | url = https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/9/2/41|journal=Diagnostics|language=en|volume=9|issue=2 | pages = 41|doi=10.3390/diagnostics9020041|issn=2075-4418|first = Luis|quote= | authorlink = Luis Nacul | authorlink2 = Barbara de Barros | author-link3 = Caroline Kingdon | author-link4 = Jacqueline Cliff | author-link5 = Taane Clark|via= | author-link6 = Kathleen Mudie | first2 = Barbara | author-link8 = Hazel Dockrell | first3 = Caroline | first4 = Jacqueline | first6 = Kathleen | first5 = Taane | first7 = Hazel | first8 = Eliana | author-link8 = Eliana Lacerda}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] [[Category:Enzymes]]
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