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Escherichia coli
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{{Cleanup | date = May 2019|reason=References needed. References not meeting scientific standards.}} '''''Escherichia coli''''' (/ˌɛʃᵻˈrɪkiə ˈkoʊlaɪ/; also known as '''''E. coli''''') is a [[Gram-negative bacteria|gram-negative]], facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the genus ''Escherichia'' that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms). Most ''E. coli'' strains are harmless, but some [[Serotype|serotypes]] can cause [[food poisoning]]. It is the most common cause of travelers' [[diarrhea]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000296.htm | title = E coli enteritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|website=medlineplus.gov|language=en|access-date=2019-05-04}}</ref> One strain, ''E. coli'' O157:H7, is only found naturally in of some cattle, goats, or sheep. It can cause a severe and sometimes deadly case of food poisoning, acute hemorrhagic diarrhea, in humans who ingest it and is usually responsible for product recalls due to ''E. coli'' food contamination. Children and elderly are especially susceptible to acute hemorrhagic diarrhea caused by ''E. coli'' O157:H7. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_O157:H7</ref> The 1993 Jack in the Box ''E. coli'' outbreak that affected 732 people resulted from undercooked hamburger patties contaminated with ''E. coli'' O157:H7.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Jack_in_the_Box_E._coli_outbreak</ref> The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut, and can benefit their hosts by producing [[vitamin K]]2, and preventing colonization of the intestine with pathogenic bacteria. ''E. coli'' is expelled into the environment within fecal matter. The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for 3 days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Wikipedia - ''Escherichia coli'']</ref> == ME and CFS == Most [[ME/CFS]] patients have ''E. coli'' levels that are only 20% of a normal person's.{{citation needed|reason=online reference needed - speech by Dr [[Henry Butt]], of [[Bioscreen]], at [[Emerge Australia]] seminar on 13 Sep 2014}} One study found the mean distribution of the [[Gram-negative bacteria|gram-negative]] ''Escherichia coli'' as a percentage of the total [[aerobic bacteria|aerobic]] flora of control subjects was 92.3% compared to 49% in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients.<ref name="Sheedy" /> ''E. coli'' bacteria create an essential molecule ‘[[chorismate]]’, which is in turn, an essential precursor to the following:{{citation needed|reason=online reference needed - speech by Dr [[Henry Butt]], of [[Bioscreen]], at [[Emerge Australia]] seminar on 13 Sep 2014}} * [[Folic acid]] * [[Tryptophan]], a precursor to [[Serotonin|serotonin]]. Serotonin is an important [[neurotransmitter]], that mediates gut movement, and influences daytime positive mood, and many other functions. Serotonin is converted to [[Melatonin|melatonin]] at night, to encourage sleep. * [[Tyrosine]] (essential for cognitive processes) * [[Phenylalanine]] (a precursor to [[Dopamine|dopamine]], essential for cognitive processes) * [[Ubiquinol]] / [[CoQ10]] (essential for energy production) ** in the [[Citric acid cycle]], [[succinic acid]] is converted by CoQ10 to create [[fumaric acid]]. ** In ME/CFS patients, there is an EXCESS of [[succinic acid]], which suggests there is not enough CoQ10 to convert it to fumaric acid. ** This lack of CoQ10 affects the entire [[TCA cycle]], crippling energy production * [[Menaquinone]] / [[Vitamin K1]], [[Vitamin K2]] (people with [[Irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]] have an increased prevalence of [[vitamin K]] deficiency) ==Probiotics== [[Mutaflor]] and [[Symbioflor-2]] are ''E. coli'' [[probiotic]]s. == Learn more == * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli Wikipedia - ''Escherichia coli''] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_K Wikipedia - Vitamin K] ==See also== *[[Microbiome]] *[[Probiotic]] == References == <references> <ref name="Sheedy">Increased d-lactic Acid intestinal bacteria in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Sheedy JR, Wettenhall RE, Scanlon D, Gooley PR, Lewis DP, McGregor N, Stapleton DI, Butt HL, DE Meirleir KL In Vivo. 2009 Jul-Aug; 23(4):621-8.</ref> </references> [[Category:Bacteria]] [[Category:Gut flora bacteria]] [[Category:Gram-negative bacteria]] [[Category:Infectious agents]]
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