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Gastroparesis
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'''Gastroparesis''' is a neuro-muscular abnormality that causes delayed gastric emptying which, in turn, causes a premature full feeling while eating, bloating, [[nausea]], [[acid reflux]], regurgitation, belching, and occasional vomiting. It is a co-morbid condition associated with [[ME/CFS]], [[Ehlers Danlos Syndrome]], and several other diseases.<ref>http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroparesis</ref> Gastroparesis may be precipitated by a viral illness such as [[Epstein-Barr virus]] or a viral infection that causes gastroenteritis or the “stomach flu." Studies have implicated an immune dysfunction, as well as, a dysfunction of the [[autonomic nervous system]] as part of the pathophysiology. It can, also, result when the [[vagus nerve]] is damaged by illness or injury.<ref>https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/Pages/facts.aspx</ref> Seventy to eighty percent of individuals with primary gastroparesis are young women.<ref>http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf</ref> There is no cure, at present, for gastroparesis, so the primary treatment is to manage symptoms with: pro-motility medications, acid-suppressing medications, antacids, and anti-nausea medications if needed. Diet, also, plays a large role in symptom control. In particular, avoid high fat and high fiber foods, eat small portions throughout the day, and use liquid food supplements.<ref>http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf</ref> Gastroparesis is frequently misdiagnosed as [[Irritable bowel syndrome|Irritable Bowel Syndrome]] (IBS), but the chief difference is where the problem is occurring. Gastroparesis refers to a disorder in the upper digestion system, especially the stomach, whereas, IBS refers to the lower digestion system, especially the bowels. A series of tests may be necessary for determining if one has gastroparesis, including: [[endoscopy]], [[CT scan]], upper gastrointestinal (GI) series, [[breath test]], and a [[Gastric emptying study]].<ref name="mayo">http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gastroparesis/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20023971</ref> The American Motility Society has established that a 4-hour "Gastric emptying test" is the standard for diagnosing gastroparesis.<ref>http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf</ref> ==Studies== * 2004, Gastric emptying is slow in chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>Burnet, R. B., & Chatterton, B. E. (2004). Gastric emptying is slow in chronic fatigue syndrome. BMC Gastroenterology, 4, 32. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-4-32</ref> [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC544348/ (Full Text)] *2016, Gastric Enterovirus Infection: A Possible Causative Etiology of Gastroparesis<ref name="Barkin,2016" /> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27344315 (Abstract)] ==Learn more== *[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroparesis Wikipedia] *[http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis - Your gut's reaction] Pamphlet (PDF) *[https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/gastroparesis/Pages/facts.aspx NIH info on gastroparesis] *[http://www.digestivedistress.com/intro Understanding Gastroparesis] ==See also== *[[Irritable bowel syndrome]] *[[Nausea]] *[[Small intestine bacterial overgrowth]] (SIBO) ==References== <references> <ref name="Barkin,2016">{{Citation | last1 = Barkin | first1 = JA | authorlink1 = | last2 = Czul | first2 = F | authorlink2 = | last3 = Barkin | first3 = JS | authorlink3 = | last4 = Klimas | first4 = NG | authorlink4 = Nancy Klimas | last5 =Rey | first5 = IR | authorlink5 = Irma Rey | last6 = Moshiree | first6 = B | authorlink6 = | display-authors = | title = Gastric Enterovirus Infection: A Possible Causative Etiology of Gastroparesis | journal = Digestive Diseases and Sciences | volume = 61 | issue = 8 | page = 2344-50 | date =Aug 2016 | pmid = 27344315 | doi = 10.1007/s10620-016-4227-x }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Digestive signs and symptoms]]
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