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Herpes simplex virus
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== Implication in other diseases == Dr. [[William Pridgen]] hypothesizes that [[fibromyalgia]] may be caused by HSV-1 infection in the [[dorsal root ganglia]] of the spine (and/or in other nerve ganglia), and treats fibromyalgia with an antiviral combination drug, called [[IMC-1]],<ref name="IMC-2019">{{Cite web | url=http://innovativemedconcepts.com/pipeline.html | title = Pipeline|website=Innovative Med Concepts|access-date=2019-04-22}}</ref> comprised of [[famciclovir]] (Famvir) and the [[COX-2 inhibitors|COX-2 inhibitor]] drug [[celecoxib]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130203710 | title = Patent: Antiviral compound and cox-2 inhibitor combination therapy for functional somatic syndromes, including combination of famciclovir and celecoxib | last = Pridgen | first = William L. | authorlink = | date = | website = Google patents|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}</ref> A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study clinical trial of 143 fibromyalgia patients by Pridgen et al. (2017) found IMC-1 safe and effective<ref name="Pridgen2017a">{{Cite journal | last = Pridgen | first = William L | last2 = Duffy | first2 = Carol | last3 = Gendreau | first3 = Judy F | last4 = Gendreau | first4 = R Michael | date = 2017-02-22 | title = A famciclovir + celecoxib combination treatment is safe and efficacious in the treatment of fibromyalgia | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328426/|journal=Journal of Pain Research|volume=10 | pages = 451–460|doi=10.2147/JPR.S127288|issn=1178-7090|pmc=5328426|pmid=28260944|issue=|quote=|via=}}</ref><ref name="Pridgen2017b">{{Cite journal | title = Pos0017 Imc-1, a Fixed Dose Combination of Famciclovir and Celecoxib, Improves Common Symptoms Associated with Fibromyalgia in Addition to Pain: Post Hoc Analysis of a Phase 2a Trial | date = 2021-06-01 | url = https://ard.bmj.com/content/80/Suppl_1/210.1|journal=Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases|volume=80|issue=Suppl 1 | pages = 210–210 | last = Pridgen | first = W. | last2 = Duffy | first2 = C. | last3 = Gendreau | first3 = J.F. | last4 = Gendreau | first4 = R.M.|language=en|doi=10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1424|issn=0003-4967}}</ref> and the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) granted it fast-track designation for development as a fibromyalgia treatment.<ref name="Press2021">{{Cite web | url=https://ir.virios.com/news/press-releases/detail/70/virios-therapeutics-achieves-over-50-enrollment-milestone | title = Virios Therapeutics Achieves Over 50% Enrollment Milestone in its Phase 2b Clinical Trial for Fibromyalgia|website=Virios Therapeutics, Inc.|language=en|access-date=2022-08-04}}</ref> A newer IMC-1 trial known as FORTRESS began recruiting fibromyalgia patients in 2021.<ref name="FORTRESS-trial">{{Cite web | title = A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2B Trial of IMC-1 for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia | date = 2022-05-13 | url = https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04748705|journal=ClinicalTrials.gov|volume=|issue=|pages = | last = Virios Therapeutics, Inc. | first = | authorlink = |access-date=Aug 4, 2022|quote=|via=}}</ref> Itzhaki et al. (2017) has hypothesized that [[Alzheimer's disease]] may be caused by viral or bacterial infection, noting "many studies, mainly on humans, implicating specific microbes in the elderly brain, notably herpes simplex virus type 1, [[Chlamydophila pneumoniae|chlamydia pneumoniae]] and several types of spirochatete",<ref name="Itzhaki 2017">{{Cite journal | title = Microbes and Alzheimer’s Disease | date = 2016-01-01 | url = https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad160152|journal=Journal of Alzheimer's Disease|volume=51|issue=4 | pages = 979–984 | last = Itzhaki | first = Ruth F. | last2 = Lathe | first2 = Richard | last3 = Balin | first3 = Brian J. | last4 = Ball | first4 = Melvyn J. | last5 = Bearer | first5 = Elaine L. | last6 = Braak | first6 = Heiko | last7 = Bullido | first7 = Maria J. | last8 = Carter | first8 = Chris | last9 = Clerici | first9 = Mario | last10 = Cosby | first10 = S. Louise | last11 = Del Tredici | first11 = Kelly|language=en|doi=10.3233/JAD-160152|pmc=PMC5457904|pmid=26967229|issn=1387-2877}}</ref> although there is clear evidence supporting this hypothesis, it is currently not one of the two top hypotheses about the cause of Alzheimer's disease.<ref name="Breijyeh2020">{{Cite journal | title = Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment | date = Jan 2020 | url = https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/24/5789 | journal = Molecules | volume = 25 | issue = 24 | page = 5789 | last = Breijyeh | first = Zeinab | authorlink = | last2 = Karaman | first2 = Rafik | authorlink2 = |language=en | doi = 10.3390/molecules25245789|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=1420-3049|quote=|via=}}</ref> Several herpesviruses including HSV-2 may cause false positives on [[Lyme disease]] tests.<ref name="Strasfeld2005">{{Cite journal | last = Berardi | first = Victor P. | last2 = Seder | first2 = Richard H. | last3 = Romanzi | first3 = Lauri | last4 = Strasfeld | first4 = Lynne | date = 2005-12-15 | title = False-Positive Serological Test Results for Lyme Disease in a Patient with Acute Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection | url =https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/41/12/1826/346681|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|language=en|volume=41|issue=12|pages=1826–1827|doi=10.1086/498319|issn=1058-4838|quote=|via=}}</ref>
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