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Herpesviruses
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==Reactivation== [[File:Herpesvirus reactivation triggers.jpeg|alt=Classical triggers for herpesvirus reactivation: Fever, Microbial co-inrfection, UV-light, Stress, Tissue injury, Hyperthermia, Hormonal imbalance, Allogeneic stimulation, Cytokines, Cell differentiation, Toxic stimuli Novel triggers for reactivation: Nanoparticles, Respirable fibres, Helminth co-infection, ? The classic and novel triggers may have common or different pathways.|thumb|Triggers of Herpesvirus Reactivation. Source: [[pmc:6330347|Stoeger and Adler (2019). ''Front. Microbiol''. 9:3207]].<ref name="Stoeger2019"/>]] Reactivation of herpesviruses do not ''usually'' cause disease,<ref name="Stoeger2019"/> although some may cause disease,<ref name="NBK8157"/> for example: * reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus may cause shingles (varicella zoster), typically in adults, with the virus typically being caught in childhood and resulting in chickenpox before becoming latent, and * CMV pneumonia may be caused by CMV reactivation, which is most likely in immunosuppressed people, especially bone marrow transplant recipients and people with [[HIV]].<ref name="NBK8157">{{Cite boom|title=Herpesviruses|date=1996|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK8157/|last=Whitley|first=Richard J.|isbn=978-0-9631172-1-2|location=Galveston (TX)|publisher=University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston|editor-last=Baron|editor-first=Samuel|pmid=21413307|chapter=68 Herpesviruses}}</ref> * [[Herpes simplex virus#HSV-1|HSV-1]] has been implicated in [[Alzheimer's]], although this does not mean it is the only cause.<ref name="alzHSV1" /> Several of the herpesviruses have transactivating potential, that is, they can cause the increased rate of gene expression of other viruses.<ref name="DeBolleHHV6" />
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