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Hypothalamus
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=== Sleep dysfunction in ME/CFS === A common symptom of [[ME/CFS]] is sleep disturbances. These perturbations in the regular sleeping cycle may have deleterious effects on biological processes and the progression of a condition such as ME/CFS. During sleep deprivation, studies show that there is dysregulation of enzyme complexes in the hypothalamus among other brain structures. These enzymes complexes play a role in the oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, which if disrupted, can lead to blood brain barrier perforation and neuroinflammation (See Oxidative Stress under [[Neuroinflammation]]).<ref>{{Cite journal | date = 2018-10-01 | title = The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis | url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1087079217301521|journal=Sleep Medicine Reviews|language=en|volume=41 | pages = 255–265|doi=10.1016/j.smrv.2018.03.007|issn=1087-0792}}</ref> Another study found that ME/CFS patients have altered circadian rhythms and skin temperatures that do not follow normal patterns (e.g. temperature decreasing in the evening near bedtime). These functions are related to the hypothalamus and suggest that there may be hypothalamic dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cambras | first = Trinitat | last2 = Castro-Marrero | first2 = Jesús | last3 = Zaragoza | first3 = Maria Cleofé | last4 = Díez-Noguera | first4 = Antoni | last5 = Alegre | first5 = José | date = 2018-06-06 | title = Circadian rhythm abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis | url = https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0198106|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=6| pages = e0198106|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0198106|issn=1932-6203|pmc=5991397|pmid=29874259}}</ref>
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