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Irritable bowel syndrome
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'''Irritable bowel syndrome''' (IBS) is a group of symptoms that occur together including pain or discomfort in your abdomen along with changes in your bowel movements. Also called a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder; "when your GI tract behaves in an abnormal way without evidence of damage due to a disease."<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/definition-facts | title = Definition & Facts for Irritable Bowel Syndrome {{!}} NIDDK|work=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=2018-11-20|language=en-US}}</ref> IBS affects 10 to 15 percent of US adults. Only 5-7 percent of US adults have received a diagnosis of IBS.<ref>[http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/Pages/definition-facts.aspx How Common is IBS - NIH Health Topics]</ref> == Four types of IBS == Stool consistency dictates the four types.<ref>[http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/irritable-bowel-syndrome/Pages/definition-facts.aspx Definition and Facts for Irritable Bowel Syndrome - IBS - NIH Health Topics]</ref> *IBS with constipation *IBS with diarrhea *Mixed IBS *Unsubtyped IBS == ME/CFS and IBS == *[https://www.verywell.com/irritable-bowel-syndrome-in-fibromyalgia-cfs-716167 Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Why Do They Go Together?] :"[[Fibromyalgia]], [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) frequently go together. No one really knows why, but we do know that all three conditions can include imbalances of serotonin -- although in fibromyalgia (FMS) and chronic fatigue syndrome ([[chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] or [[ME/CFS]]) it's an imbalance in the brain, while with IBS it's in the gut."<ref>[http://chronicfatigue.about.com/od/whyfmscfsarelinked/a/IBS.htm Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Fibromyalgia & Chronic Fatigue Syndrome - Why Do They Go Together? - About.com Health FMS/ME/CFS]</ref> *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433843 Evidence for the existence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).] :The findings show that is a characteristic of a subset of patients with ME/CFS and that increased bacterial translocation (leaky gut) is associated with IBS symptoms. This study has defined a pathway phenotype, i.e bacterial translocation, that is related to [[ME/CFS]] and [[IBS]] and that may drive systemic inflammatory processes.<ref>[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433843 Evidence for the existence of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without abdominal discomfort (irritable bowel) syndrome.- NCBI,(2014) Study]</ref> *[https://www.amazon.co.uk/Running-Empty-Complete-Chronic-Syndrome/dp/0897931912/ Prevalence of 50-90% for IBS symptoms in ME/CFS patients.] :Katrina Berne reports a prevalence of 50-90% for IBS symptoms (including diarrhea, nausea, gas, and abdominal pain) in ME/CFS patients.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Berne | first = Katrina | authorlink = Katrina Berne | date = Dec 1, 1995 | title = Running on Empty: The Complete Guide to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFIDS)|edition= 2nd |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/Running-Empty-Complete-Chronic-Syndrome/dp/0897931912/ |publisher= Hunter House | page = 58 |isbn= 978-0897931915}}</ref> == Tests and diagnosis == Mayo Clinic provides the following information on IBS, ''Tests and Diagnosis''<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/basics/tests-diagnosis/CON-20024578 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Tests and Diagnosis - Mayo Clinic]</ref> ''Excerpt:'' <embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400" alignment="right" container="frame" description="What it's Like to Have a Flexible Sigmoidoscopy. By Cancer Research UK">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPCar0b5_mk</embedvideo> <embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400" alignment="right" container="frame" description="What happens during and after a colonoscopy? By You and Colonoscopy">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mh90RPA-C10</embedvideo> <embedvideo service="youtube" dimensions="400" alignment="right" container="frame" description="CT (Computed Tomography) Scan: What to expect By UW Medicine">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uHu9aa0QDiE</embedvideo> :*'''Rome criteria'''. According to these criteria, you must have certain signs and symptoms before a doctor diagnoses irritable bowel syndrome. The most important are abdominal pain and discomfort lasting at least three days a month in the last three months, associated with two or more of following: improvement with defecation, altered frequency of stool or altered consistency of stool. :*'''Manning criteria'''. These criteria focus on pain relieved by defecation, having incomplete bowel movements, mucus in the stool and changes in stool consistency. The more symptoms present, the greater the likelihood of IBS. :Some red flag signs and symptoms that suggest a need for additional testing include: :*New onset after age 50 :*Weight loss :*Rectal bleeding :*Fever :*Nausea or recurrent vomiting :*Abdominal pain, especially if it's not completely relieved by a bowel movement, or occurs at night :*Diarrhea that is persistent or awakens you from sleep :*Anemia related to low iron Imaging: *Additional Tests: *Flexible sigmoidoscopy *Colonoscopy *X-ray (radiography) *Computerized tomography (CT) scan *Lower GI series<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/basics/tests-diagnosis/CON-20024578 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Tests and Diagnosis - Mayo Clinic]</ref> Laboratory tests: *Lactose intolerance *Breath *Blood *Stool<ref>[http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/irritable-bowel-syndrome/basics/tests-diagnosis/CON-20024578 Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Tests and Diagnosis - Mayo Clinic]</ref> == Notable studies == * Aug 2009, Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Thabane | first = Marroon | last2 = Marshall | first2 = John K | date = 2009-08-07 | title = Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721231/|journal=World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG|volume=15|issue=29 | pages = 3591–3596|doi=10.3748/wjg.15.3591|issn=1007-9327|pmc=2721231|pmid=19653335}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2721231/ (Full Text)] * Mar 2018, Protease signaling through protease activated receptor 1 mediate nerve activation by mucosal supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome but not from ulcerative colitis patients<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Buhner | first = Sabine | last2 = Hahne | first2 = Hannes | last3 = Hartwig | first3 = Kerstin | last4 = Li | first4 = Qin | last5 = Vignali | first5 = Sheila | last6 = Ostertag | first6 = Daniela | last7 = Meng | first7 = Chen | last8 = Hörmannsperger | first8 = Gabriele | last9 = Braak | first9 = Breg | date = 2018-03-12 | title = Protease signaling through protease activated receptor 1 mediate nerve activation by mucosal supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome but not from ulcerative colitis patients | url = https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193943|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=13|issue=3| pages = e0193943|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0193943|issn=1932-6203|pmc = 5846775|pmid=29529042}}</ref> [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0193943 (Full Text)] (Biomarkers) == See also == *[[Collagen]] *[[Diet]] *[[Low FODMAP diet|Low FODMAP Diet]] - an effective treatment for IBS *[[Gastroparesis]] *[[Vitamin C]] *[[Vitamin C Deficiency without Scurvy hypothesis]] *[[Scurvy]] == Learn more == * 2016, [https://jcoynester.wordpress.com/2016/05/21/no-irritable-bowel-syndrome-is-not-all-in-your-head/ Blog entry - "No, irritable bowel syndrome is not all in your head"] jcoynsester.wordpress (Join and Permission required.) *2016, [http://www.newsweek.com/ibs-mind-study-brain-gut-microbes-flora-microbiome-606848 Is IBS All In Your Mind? New Study Hints at Close Ties Between the Brain and the Gut] Newsweek Tech & science (Article w/ Video) *2017, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/04/170426092351.htm Chronic fatigue syndrome linked to imbalanced microbiome] Science Daily *2018, [https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/06/180614213641.htm Early source of irritable bowel syndrome discovered] Science Daily == References == [[Category:Diagnoses]] [[Category:Potential comorbidities]] [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Digestive signs and symptoms]]
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