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Karina Hansen
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==Background== Karina Hansen became ill as an adult teenager. In 2008 while Karina Hansen was admitted to an [[arthritis]] hospital in Gråsten, she was tentatively diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis. Her parents were not informed of this diagnosis at this time [Citation needed]. Her treatment at this hospital likely involved [[graded exercise therapy]] (GET) which can be dangerous and worsen symptoms of ME<ref name="Twisk2008" /><ref name="MEAssUK201505" />, as GET is part of the standard treatment in Denmark.<ref name="EliotSmith20160404" /> In 2009, the Danish Board of Health re-named ME '[[Bodily distress syndrome|Bodily Distress Syndrome]]' (BDS) and re-classified it as a [[somatoform]] disorder. Two specialist clinics were designated to research BDS and treat patients.<ref name="EliotSmith20160404" /> In 2009 Karina's parents were informed that Karina could suffer from ME which was confirmed by Chief Physician Valerius from Hvidovre Hospital. In May of 2010, Karina Hansen was again pressured into hospitalization despite her previous experience of worsening with a hospital stay. Her sensitivities to light and sound were not taken into account. [[Severe and very severe ME|Severe ME]] poses many difficulties to a traditional hospital environment. During this stay, doctors considered the possibility of detaining Karina Hansen under the Mental Health Act but they were unable to as (according to the Medical Officer, Børge Sommer) Karina was "not considered depressive or psychotic." Karina chose to leave the hospital after three days. At this time, she determined to never be hospitalized again based on these detrimental experiences. In 2010, eleven days after this hospitalization, Dr. Henry Isager (a Danish expert in ME) examined Miss Hansen and also diagnosed her with ME. In 2011, [[Norway|Norwegian]] physician and ME expert Mette Sophie Johnsgaard examined Karina and agreed she has severe ME<ref name="JustforKarina20140728" /><ref name="Crowhurst2015" />. Karina Hansen has a well-established diagnosis of ME. She and her parents also had advice and treatment suggestions by ME experts that they chose to follow. Karina had had sufficiently negative experiences for her to choose not to undergo hospitalization or treatments such as GET again. In May of 2011, public health officers visited Karina and determined she gave informed consent for alternative or complementary therapy. She was deemed competent to choose her own treatment. The following was reported based on this visit (taken from Skjoldan's letter): <blockquote>"Karina appears clear, alert and oriented. She seems immediately mentally inconspicuous. She is considered to be well informed about her situation and she agrees with the "alternative" or "complementary" way to cope with the illness. She's crying when she informs us that she would very much like to participate in rehabilitation, but that she cannot manage anything because of extreme [[fatigue]], extreme [[Muscle fatigability|fatigability]] and [[Post-exertional malaise|activity-induced]] [[pain]]. She hopes that maximum relief in the long term will allow for spontaneous improvement of the disease. She has thus given informed consent to the omission of conventional medical treatment in, favor of an "alternative" or "complementary" medical treatment."<ref name="JustforKarina20140728" /></blockquote> With the diagnosis of ME and Karina's mental competency confirmed multiple times, Karina and her family felt secure that they had taken all the necessary steps to keep Karina safe.
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