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List of abnormal findings in chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis
(section)
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== Metabolism == * Metabolic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a mini-review<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Tomas | first = Cara | last2 = Newton | first2 = Julia | date = 2018-06-19 | title = Metabolic abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a mini-review | url =https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/46/3/547/67402/Metabolic-abnormalities-in-chronic-fatigue?redirectedFrom=fulltext|journal=Biochemical Society Transactions|language=en|volume=46|issue=3 | pages = 547–553|doi=10.1042/BST20170503|issn=0300-5127}}</ref> * Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction, supporting a model of deficient ATP production in ME/CFS.<ref name="Sweetman2020">{{Cite journal | last = Sweetman | first = Eiren | authorlink = | last2 = Kleffmann | first2 = Torsten | authorlink2 = | last3 = Edgar | first3 = Christina | authorlink3 = | last4 = de Lange | first4 = Michel | authorlink4 = | last5 = Vallings | first5 = Rosamund | authorlink5 = Rosamund Vallings | last6 = Tate | first6 = Warren | authorlink6 = Warren Tate | date = 2020-09-24 | title = A SWATH-MS analysis of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction | url =https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02533-3|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|volume=18|issue=1 | pages = 365|doi=10.1186/s12967-020-02533-3|issn=1479-5876|pmc = 7512220|pmid=|access-date=|quote=|via=}}</ref> === Cellular respiration === * abnormalities in [[cellular respiration]] including a reduction in [[glycolysis]],<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Armstrong | first = Christopher W. | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil R. | last3 = Lewis | first3 = Donald P. | last4 = Butt | first4 = Henry L. | last5 = Gooley | first5 = Paul R. | date = 2015-05-30 | title = Metabolic profiling reveals anomalous energy metabolism and oxidative stress pathways in chronic fatigue syndrome patients|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11306-015-0816-5 | journal=Metabolomics|language=en | volume=11 | issue=6 | pages=1626–1639 | doi=10.1007/s11306-015-0816-5 | issn=1573-3882}}</ref> including impaired [[pyruvate dehydrogenase]]<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Fluge | first = Øystein | last2 = Mella | first2 = Olav | last3 = Bruland | first3 = Ove | last4 = Risa | first4 = Kristin | last5 = Dyrstad | first5 = Sissel E. | last6 = Alme | first6 = Kine | last7 = Rekeland | first7 = Ingrid G. | last8 = Sapkota | first8 = Dipak | last9 = Røsland | first9 = Gro V. | date = 2016-12-22 | title = Metabolic profiling indicates impaired pyruvate dehydrogenase function in myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28018972 | journal=JCI insight|volume=1 | issue=21 | pages = e89376 | doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89376 | issn=2379-3708 | pmc=5161229 | pmid=28018972}}</ref> * increased [[lactic acid]]<ref name="Plioplys1995">{{cite journal | last1 = Plioplys | first1 = AV | authorlink1 = | last2 = Plioplys | first2 = S | authorlink2 = | title = Serum levels of carnitine in chronic fatigue syndrome: clinical correlates | journal = Neuropsychobiology | date = 1995 | volume = 32 | issue = 3 | pages = 132-8 | pmid = 8544970 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8544970 }}</ref><ref name="LaneRJ1998">{{cite journal | last1 = Lane | first1 = RJ | authorlink1 = | last2 = Barrett | first2 = MC | authorlink2 = Michael Barrett | last3 = Taylor | first3 = DJ | authorlink3 = Doris Taylor | last4 = Kemp | first4 = GJ | authorlink4 = Graham Kemp | last5 = Lodi | first5 = R | authorlink5 = Raffaele Lodi | title = Heterogeneity in chronic fatigue syndrome: evidence from magnetic resonance spectroscopy of muscle | journal = Neuromuscul Disord | volume = 8 | issue = 3-4 | pages = 204-9 | date = May 1998 | pmid = 9631403 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9631403 }}</ref><ref name="JonesDE2010">{{cite journal | last1 = Jones | first1 = David EJ | authorlink1 = | last2 = Hollingsworth | first2 = Kieren G | authorlink2 = Kieren Hollingsworth | last3 = Taylor | first3 = Renee R | authorlink3 = Renee Taylor | last4 = Blamire | first4 = Andrew M | authorlink4 = Andrew Blamire | last5 = Newton | first5 = Julia L | authorlink5 = Julia Newton | title = Abnormalities in pH handling by peripheral muscle and potential regulation by the autonomic nervous system in chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = J Intern Med | volume = 267 | issue = 4 | pages = 394-401 | date = Apr 2010 | pmid = 20433583 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02160.x | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2009.02160.x/abstract }}</ref><ref name="LengertN2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Lengert | first1 = Nicor | authorlink1 = Nicor Lengert | last2 = Drossel | first2 = Barbara | authorlink2 = Barbara Drossel | title = In silico analysis of exercise intolerance in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Biophysical Chemistry | volume = 202 | pages = 21–31 | date = Jul 2015 | pmid = 25899994 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.03.009 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301462215000630 }}</ref><ref name="Mathew2009"/> * reduction in metabolites reflecting a slowed metabolism<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Naviaux | first = Robert K. | authorlink1 = Robert Naviaux | last2 = Naviaux | first2 = Jane C. | last3 = Li | first3 = Kefeng | last4 = Bright | first4 = A. Taylor | last5 = Alaynick | first5 = William A. | last6 = Wang | first6 = Lin | last7 = Baxter | first7 = Asha | last8 = Nathan | first8 = Neil | last9 = Anderson | first9 = Wayne | date = 2016-09-13 | title = Metabolic features of chronic fatigue syndrome|url=http://www.pnas.org/content/113/37/E5472 | journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|language=en | volume=113 | issue=37 | pages = E5472–E5480 | doi=10.1073/pnas.1607571113 | issn=0027-8424 | pmid=27573827}}</ref> *analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cell proteomes reveals mitochondrial dysfunction, supporting a model...that would suggest an elevation of oxidative stress.<ref name="Sweetman2020" /> === Exercise === * reduced pain threshold<ref name="Whiteside, 2004">{{Cite journal | last1 = Whiteside | first1 = Alan | authorlink1 = | last2 = Hansen | first2 = Stig | authorlink2 = | last3 = Chaudhuri | first3 = Abhijit | authorlink3 = Abhijit Chaudhuri | title = Exercise lowers pain threshold in chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Pain | volume = 109 | issue = 3 | pages = 497-499 | date = 2004 | pmid = 15157711 | doi = 10.1016/j.pain.2004.02.029 }}</ref> * translocation of bacteria<ref name="ShuklaS2015">{{cite journal | last1 = Shukla | first1 = Sanjay K | authorlink1 = Sanjay Shukla | last2 = Cook | first2 = Dane | authorlink2 = Dane Cook | last3 = Meyer | first3 = Jacob | authorlink3 = Jacob Meyer | last4 = Vernon | first4 = Suzanne D | authorlink4 = Suzanne Vernon | last5 = Le | first5 = Thao | authorlink5 = Thao Le | last6 = Clevidence | first6 = Derek | authorlink6 = Derek Clevidence | last7 = Robertson | first7 = Charles E | authorlink7 = Charles Robertson | last8 =Schrodi | first8 = Steven J | authorlink8 = Steven Schrodi | last9 = Yale | first9 = Steven | authorlink9 = Steven Yale | last10 = Frank | first10 = Daniel N | authorlink10 = Daniel Frank | title = Changes in Gut and Plasma Microbiome following Exercise Challenge in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | journal = PLoS ONE | date = Dec 18, 2015 | pmid = 26683192 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0145453 | url = http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0145453 }}</ref> * loss of capacity to recover from acidosis on repeat exercise<ref name="JonesDE2012">{{cite journal | last1 = Jones | first1 = David EJ | authorlink1 = David Jones | last2 = Hollingsworth | first2 = Kieren G | authorlink2 = Kieren Hollingsworth | last3 = Jakovljevic | first3 = Djordje G | authorlink3 = Djordje Jakovljevic | last4 = Fattakhova | first4 = Gulnar | authorlink4 = Gulnar Fattakhova | last5 = Pairman | first5 = Jessie | authorlink5 = Jessie Pairman | last6 = Blamire | first6 = Andrew M | authorlink6 = Andrew Blamire | last7 =Trenell | first7 = Michael I | authorlink7 = Michael Trenell | last8 = Newton | first8 = Julia L | authorlink8 = Julia Newton | title = Loss of capacity to recover from acidosis on repeat exercise in chronic fatigue syndrome | journal = Eur J Clin Invest | volume = 42 | issue = 2 | pages = 186-94 | date = 12 Jul 2011 | pmid = 21749371 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02567.x | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2011.02567.x/abstract }}</ref> * increased expression of sensory, adrenergic and immune genes following [[muscle]] exertion<ref name="LightAR2009">{{cite journal | last1 = Light | first1 = Alan R | authorlink1 = Alan Light | last2 = White | first2 = Andrea T | authorlink2 = | last3 = Hughen | first3 = Ronald W | authorlink3 = | last4 = Light | first4 = Kathleen C | authorlink4 = Kathleen Light | title = Moderate exercise increases expression for sensory, adrenergic, and immune genes in chronic fatigue syndrome patients but not in normal subjects | journal = J Pain | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 1099-112 | date = Jul 31, 2009 | pmid = 19647494 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.06.003 | url = http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(09)00574-4/abstract }}</ref><ref name="LightAR2011">{{citation | last1 = Light | first1 = Alan R | authorlink1 = Alan Light | last2 = Bateman | first2 = Lucinda| authorlink2 = Lucinda Bateman | last3 = Jo | first3 = D | authorlink3 = Daehyun Jo | last4 = Hughen | first4 = Ronald W | authorlink4 = Ronald Hughen | last5 = Vanhaitsma | first5 = TA | authorlink5 = Timothy VanHaitsma | last6 = White | first6 = Andrea T | authorlink6 = Andrea White | last7 =Light | first7 = Kathleen C | authorlink7 = Kathleen Light | title = Gene expression alterations at baseline and following moderate exercise in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia Syndrome | journal = J Intern Med | volume = 271 | issue = 1 | pages = 64-81 | date = Jul 13, 2011 | pmid = 21615807 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02405.x | url = http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02405.x/abstract }}</ref><ref name="WhiteAT2012">{{citation | last1 = White | first1 = Andrea T | authorlink1 = Andrea White | last2 = Light | first2 = Alan R | authorlink2 = Alan Light | last3 = Hughen | first3 = Ronald W | authorlink3 = Ronald Hughen | last4 = VanHaitsma | first4 = Timothy A | authorlink4 = Timothy VanHaitsma | last5 = Light | first5 = Kathleen C | authorlink5 = Kathleen Light | title = Differences in metabolite-detecting, adrenergic, and immune gene expression after moderate exercise in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, patients with multiple sclerosis, and healthy controls | journal = Psychosom Med | volume = 74 | issue = 1 | pages = 46-54 | date = Dec 30, 2011 | pmid = 22210239 | doi = 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31824152ed | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3256093/ }}</ref> * decreased [[oxygen]] utilization<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Vermeulen | first = Ruud CW | authorlink = Ruud Vermeulen | last2 = Vermeulen van Eck | first2 = Ineke WG| date = 2014 | title = Decreased oxygen extraction during cardiopulmonary exercise test in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-12-20|journal=Journal of Translational Medicine|language=en|volume=12|issue=1|pages=20|doi=10.1186/1479-5876-12-20|issn=1479-5876|pmc=3903040|pmid=24456560}}</ref> [[File:Abnormal findings in CFS ME.png|thumb|center|alt=Abnormal findings in Chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis. There is no single biomarker, but tests have found differences in blood flow to the brain, hand grip strength, metabolite and mitochondria abnormalities, reduced heart output, white and red blood cell differences, reduced blood volume, differences in gut bacteria, neuroinflammation, abnormal responses to exercise, and other abnormalities.]]
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