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London criteria
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=== The first version === The first version of the London criteria was formulated by [[Elizabeth Dowsett]], [[Ellen Goudsmit]], Anne MacIntyre and [[Charles Shepherd]] in 1993. A shortened version was published a year later in the report from the National Task Force on ME.<ref name="Londoncriteria"/> The criteria focused on post-exertional muscle fatigue, neurocognitive impairment and fluctuation of symptoms, usually precipitated by physical or mental exercise. Autonomic and immunological symptoms were regarded as secondary. According to [[Charles Shepherd]], the London criteria were developed "in order to try and persuade researchers to carry out research into [[Melvin Ramsay|Ramsay]]-described ME. This was obviously at a time when the medical profession had decided to rename and redefine ME as CFS and (if possible) put a very thick red line through the term ME."<ref name="Londoncriteria"/> The criteria were written for British patients organizations and used in several studies<ref>McCue P, Martin CR, Buchanan T, Rodgers T, Scholey AB. An investigation into the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome. Psychol Health Med. 2003;8:425-439.</ref><ref>Perrin RN, Edwards J, Hartley P. An evaluation of the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment on symptoms associated with myalgic encephalomyelitis. A preliminary report. J Med Eng Technol. 1998;22(1)1-13.</ref> - most notably the study on brainstem blood perfusion by Costa et al. (1995)<ref>Costa DC, Tannock C, Brostoff J. Brainstem perfusion is impaired in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Q J Med. 2005;88:767-773.</ref>. The criteria however failed to get wider traction in the research community, as most journals and funders preferred to use the [[Centers for Disease Control|CDC]]-formulated chronic fatigue syndrome-criteria.
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