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Magnetic resonance imaging
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'''Magnetic Resonance Imaging''' (MRI) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce images of thin slices of tissues. MRI scans can be used to image many different parts of the body, including the [[brain]], joints, major organs and even the whole body.<ref name="MSD">{{Cite web | url=https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/special-subjects/principles-of-radiologic-imaging/magnetic-resonance-imaging | title = Magnetic Resonance Imaging - Special Subjects - MSD Manual Professional Edition|work=MSD Manual Professional Edition|access-date=2018-10-12|language=en-GB}}</ref> MRI scans can be used for many different purposes, e.g. to show: * abnormalities of the brain and [[spinal cord]] * abnormalities in various parts of the body such as breast, prostate, and liver * joint injuries or abnormalities, for example a knee injury * [[Cardiovascular system|heart]] structure and function * areas of activity within the brain, using a [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|functional MRI]] * blood flow through blood vessels and arteries<ref name="FDA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Radiation-EmittingProducts/RadiationEmittingProductsandProcedures/MedicalImaging/MRI/ucm482763.htm | title = MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) - Uses|last = Health Center for Devices and Radiological|first = | date = | website = FDA |language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-10-12}}</ref> ==ME/CFS MRI evidence== *Possible white matter abnormalities of unknown etiology are found on MRIs of some ME/CFS patients. These are identified by T2 hyperintensities, which might indicate lesions or Virchow-Robin spaces.<ref name="Natelson1993" /><ref name="Lange1999" /> [[File:White Matter Fig 2.jpg|alt=brain scans showing brain changes|thumb|464x464px|Progressive brain changes in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Shan et al. (2016).<ref name="Shan2016"/>]]{{clear}} ==Cost and availability== == Notable studies == * 1993, A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Natelson1993">{{Cite journal|last = Natelson | first = B.H. | last2 = Cohen | first2 = J.M. | last3 = Brassloff | first3 = I. | last4 = Lee | first4 = H.J. | date = 1993-12-15 | title = A controlled study of brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8138812|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=120|issue=2|pages=213–217|doi=10.1016/0022-510x(93)90276-5|issn=0022-510X|pmid=8138812}}</ref> * 1999, Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref name="Lange1999">{{Cite journal|last = Lange | first = G. | last2 = DeLuca | first2 = J. | last3 = Maldjian | first3 = J.A. | last4 = Lee | first4 = H. | last5 = Tiersky | first5 = L.A. |last6 = Natelson | first6 = B.H. | date = 1999-12-01 | title = Brain MRI abnormalities exist in a subset of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567042|journal=Journal of the Neurological Sciences|volume=171|issue=1 | pages = 3–7|doi=10.1016/s0022-510x(99)00243-9|issn=0022-510X|pmid=10567042}}</ref> *2016, Progressive Brain Changes in Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Longitudinal MRI Study<ref name="Shan2016">{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Burnet | first3 = Richard | authorlink3 = Richard Burnet | last4 = Fante | first4 = Peter Del | authorlink4 = Peter Del Fante | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2016 | title=Progressive brain changes in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: A longitudinal MRI study|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jmri.25283|journal=Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging|language=en|volume=44|issue=5|pages=1301–1311|doi=10.1002/jmri.25283|issn=1522-2586|pmc=5111735|pmid=27123773|quote=|via=}}</ref> *2016, Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Barnden | first = Leighton R. | authorlink = Leighton Barnden | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Crouch | first3 = Benjamin | authorlink3 = Benjamin Crouch | last4 = Burnet | first4 = Richard | authorlink4 = Richard Burnet | last5 = Del Fante | first5 = Peter | authorlink5 = Peter Del Fante | date = 2016-01-01 | title = Autonomic correlations with MRI are abnormal in the brainstem vasomotor centre in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158216300584|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|volume=11|issue= | pages = 530–537|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2016.03.017|issn=2213-1582|quote=|via=}}</ref> *2017, Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Kwiatek | first2 = Richard | authorlink2 = Richard Kwiatek | last3 = Burnet | first3 = Richard | authorlink3 = Richard Burnet | last4 = Fante | first4 = Peter Del | authorlink4 = Peter Fante | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall‐Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2017 | title=Medial prefrontal cortex deficits correlate with unrefreshing sleep in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/nbm.3757|journal=NMR in Biomedicine|language=en|volume=30|issue=10| pages = e3757|doi=10.1002/nbm.3757|issn=1099-1492|quote=|via=}}</ref> *2018, Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Finegan | first2 = Kevin | authorlink2 = Kevin Finnegan | last3 = Bhuta | first3 = Sandeep | authorlink3 = Sandeep Bhuta | last4 = Ireland | first4 = Timothy | authorlink4 = Timothy Ireland | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = Feb 2018 | title = Decreased Connectivity and Increased Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent Complexity in the Default Mode Network in Individuals with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152994|journal=Brain Connectivity|volume=8|issue=1 | pages = 33–39|doi=10.1089/brain.2017.0549|issn=2158-0022|pmid=29152994|quote=|via=}}</ref> *2018, Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study<ref>{{Cite journal|last = Shan | first = Zack Y. | authorlink = Zack Shan | last2 = Finegan | first2 = Kevin | authorlink2 = Kevin Finnegan | last3 = Bhuta | first3 = Sandeep | authorlink3 = Sandeep Bhuta | last4 = Ireland | first4 = Timothy | authorlink4 = Timothy Ireland | last5 = Staines | first5 = Donald R. | authorlink5 = Donald Staines | last6 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first6 = Sonya M. | authorlink6 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | last7 = Barnden | first7 = Leighton R. | date = 2018-01-01 | title = Brain function characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome: A task fMRI study|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213158218301347|journal=NeuroImage: Clinical|volume=19|issue=|pages=279–286|doi=10.1016/j.nicl.2018.04.025|issn=2213-1582|quote=|via= | authorlink7 = Leighton Barnden}}</ref> ==Learn more== *[https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/special-subjects/principles-of-radiologic-imaging/magnetic-resonance-imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging] - Merck Manual *[https://medlineplus.gov/mriscans.html MRI scans] - MedlinePlus *[https://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=headmr Head MRI] - Radiology info *[https://radiologyassist.com/news/differences-between-3t-and-15t-machines/ Differences between 3 and 1.5T MRI machines] - Radiology Assist * [https://ezra.com/blog/3t-mri 3T MRI: What It Is and How It’s Different From Other MRIs] - Ezra blog * [https://www.mayoclinic.org/medical-professionals/neurology-neurosurgery/news/7-tesla-mri-pioneering-use-for-patient-care/mac-20449573 7-Tesla MRI: Pioneering use for patient care] - Mayo Clinic * [https://www.foxvalleyimaging.com/open-vs-closed-mri-machines-which-ones-provide-higher-quality-images Open Vs Closed MRI Machines – Which Ones Provide Higher Quality Images?] - Fox Valley Imaging ==See also== *[[Brain]] *[[MRI]] *[[fMRI]] *[[SPECT]] *[[Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Medical tests]] [[Category:Neurology]]
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