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== Priming and Microglia Activation == Several events can cause microglia to become primed.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Norden | first = Diana M. | last2 = Muccigrosso | first2 = Megan M. | last3 = Godbout | first3 = Jonathan P. | date = Sep 2015 | title = Microglial priming and enhanced reactivity to secondary insult in aging, and traumatic CNS injury, and neurodegenerative disease|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0028390814004031|journal=Neuropharmacology|language=en|volume=96|pages=29β41|doi=10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.028|pmc=4430467|pmid=25445485}}</ref> Priming means that microglia will respond more aggressively and more easily to activating factors, and occurs when the microglia are over-exposed to harmful events or stimuli. One of the events that can prime microglia is aging. Usually, cells in the body are continuously recycled and regenerated so that they function like new. Microglia are not replaced often, however, Β and can wear from use. Infections can also cause microglial priming. During an infection, immune molecules called [[Cytokine|cytokines]] circulate throughout the body. Some of these molecules can get directly into the brain and activate microglia, or they can indirectly activate microglia through neural signaling of the [[vagus nerve]]. If an infection persists for an extended period of time, microglia will continuously be activated and may become damaged from use. Traumatic brain injuries also prime microglia. Direct damage to the brain (e.g. concussion, stroke or blunt force trauma) causes the microglia to work continuously to resolve the damage. The damage itself also causes the release of inflammatory markers that activate the microglia. Continued functioning can cause persistent symptoms of the initial damage.
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