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Nausea
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'''Nausea''' is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit.<ref name="AFP" /> It may precede vomiting, but a person can have nausea without vomiting. When prolonged, it is a debilitating symptom.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medicinenet.com/nausea/symptoms.htm | title = Nausea: Check Your Symptoms and Signs|website=MedicineNet|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref> Nausea is a relatively common symptom experienced by patients with [[ME/CFS]]. It can range from mild to severe and can be relapsing or constant. ==Prevalence== [[Katrina Berne]] reports a prevalence of 60-90% for nausea (as well as a wider prevalence of 50-90% for IBS symptoms including diarrhea, nausea, gas, and abdominal pain).<ref>{{Cite book | last = Berne | first = Katrina | authorlink = Katrina Berne | date = Dec 1, 1995 | title = Running on Empty: The Complete Guide to Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFIDS)|edition= 2nd |url= https://www.amazon.co.uk/Running-Empty-Complete-Chronic-Syndrome/dp/0897931912/ |publisher= Hunter House | page = 58 |isbn= 978-0897931915}}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== Although nausea is not listed as a symptom necessary for diagnosis in any of the current case definitions, it is frequently listed as a secondary symptom in information for patients and physicians.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/chronic-fatigue-syndrome/symptoms-chronic-fatigue | title = Think You Might Have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome? Here are The Symptoms|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2019-05-08}}</ref><ref>http://www.openmedicinefoundation.org/what-is-mecfs/</ref> ==Notable studies== ==Possible causes== Possible causes of nausea in ME/CFS patients include [[orthostatic intolerance]],<ref>http://www.ncf-net.org/library/orthostaticreview.htm</ref> gut inflammation,<ref>Lakhan, S.E., & Kirchgessner, A. (2010). Gut inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nutrition & Metabolism, 7, 79. http://doi.org/10.1186/1743-7075-7-79</ref> and slower gastric motility.<ref name=":0">http://www.digestivedistress.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ibs.pdf</ref> Severe nausea may be caused by the digestive motility disorder, [[gastroparesis]], that can be a co-morbid condition with ME/CFS. [[Gastroparesis]] is a neuromuscular abnormality that causes delayed gastric emptying which, in turn, causes a premature full feeling while eating, [[bloating]], nausea, [[acid reflux]], regurgitation, belching, and occasional [[vomiting]].<ref name=":0" /> Nausea may be caused by a [[Comorbidities|comorbidity]] such as [[celiac disease]] or [[non-celiac gluten sensitivity]] (gluten intolerance). ==Potential treatments== *[[Acidophilus]] *[[Activated charcoal]] *[[Acupressure]] *[[Antacid]]s *[[:Category:Antiemetics|Antiemetics]] *[[Meclizine]] (Antivert) (antihistamine) *[[Azithromycin]] (antibiotic) *[[Betaine|Betaine HCl]] *[[:Category:Diets|Diets]] *[[Dramamine]] *[[Erythromycin]] (antibiotic) *[[Ginger]] *[[Gluten-free diet]] *[[Meal replacement]]s (e.g. Complan shakes) *[[Metoclopramide]] *[[Mirtazapine]] (atypical antidepressant) *[[Zofran]] ==Learn more== *2016, [http://www.meassociation.org.uk/2016/06/nausea-and-sickness-in-mecfs-two-non-drug-options-that-are-worth-considering-29-june-2016/ Nausea and sickness in ME/CFS β two non-drug options that are worth considering] *[http://www.digestivedistress.com/intro Understanding Gastroparesis] ==See also== *[[Gastroparesis]] ==References== <references> <ref name="AFP">{{citation | last1 = Metz | first1 = A | last2 = Hebbard | first2 = G | title = Nausea and vomiting in adults--a diagnostic approach | journal = Aust Fam Physician | volume = 36 | issue = 9 | pages = 668-692 | date = Sep 2007 | pmid = 17885699 | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885699 }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Digestive signs and symptoms]]
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