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== Pregnancy in other conditions == In general, [[Th1]] dominant immune disorders tend to improve during pregnancy while [[Th2]] dominant immune disorders tend to worsen.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = ØSTENSEN | first = MONICA | date = 1999-06-01 | title = Sex Hormones and Pregnancy in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07630.x/abstract?userIsAuthenticated=false&deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|language=en|volume=876|issue=1|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07630.x/abstract|issn=1749-6632}}</ref> For example, in a study of women with [[rheumatoid arthritis]] 75% of patients experienced remission of their RA during pregnancy and 62% experienced a worsening of symptoms after delivery.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Østensen | first = Monika | last2 = Aune | first2 = Berit | last3 = Husby | first3 = Gunnar | date = Jan 1983 | title = Effect of Pregnancy and Hormonal Changes on the Activity of Rheumatoid Arthritis|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/03009748309102886|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology|language=en|volume=12|issue=2 | pages = 69–72|doi=10.3109/03009748309102886|issn=0300-9742}}</ref> 92% of pregnant women with RA relapse within the first three months after delivery.<ref>{{Cite journal | date = 2010-01-01 | title = The impact of pregnancy on rheumatoid arthritis outcome: The role of maternofetal HLA class II disparity|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1297319X09001997|journal=Joint Bone Spine|language=en|volume=77|issue=1|pages=36–40|doi=10.1016/j.jbspin.2009.11.009|issn=1297-319X}}</ref> The course of [[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]] improves during and after pregnancy.<ref>{{Cite journal | date = 2013-08-01 | title = Do pregnancy-related changes in the microbiome stimulate innate immunity?|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1471491413001093|journal=Trends in Molecular Medicine|language=en|volume=19|issue=8 | pages = 454–459|doi=10.1016/j.molmed.2013.06.002|issn=1471-4914}}</ref> In relapsing-remitting [[multiple sclerosis]], rates of relapse decrease during the first two trimesters and increase significantly postpartum.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Confavreux | first = Christian | last2 = Hutchinson | first2 = Michael | last3 = Hours | first3 = Martine Marie | last4 = Cortinovis-Tourniaire | first4 = Patricia | last5 = Moreau | first5 = Thibault | date = 1998-07-30 | title = Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejm199807303390501|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=EN|volume=339|issue=5|pages=285–291|doi=10.1056/nejm199807303390501|issn=0028-4793}}</ref> By contrast, pregnancy increases rates of [[lupus]] flares.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Ruiz-Irastorza | first=G. | last2 = Lima | first2 = F. | last3 = Alves | first3 = J. | last4 = Khamashta | first4 = M.A. | last5 = Simpson | first5 = J. | last6 = Hughes | first6 = G. R.V. | last7 = Buchanan | first7 = N.M.M. | date = 1996-02-01 | title = INCREASED RATE OF LUPUS FLARE DURING PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 78 PREGNANCIES|url=https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/35/2/133/1782393|journal=Rheumatology|language=en|volume=35|issue=2|pages=133–138|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/35.2.133|issn=1462-0324}}</ref> In a retrospective study of [[fibromyalgia]] patients based on personal interviews, nearly all patients surveyed experienced a worsening of symptoms during pregnancy, especially during the third trimester. Fibromyalgia did not appear to have an adverse effect on the outcome of pregnancy or the health of the baby.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Østensen | first = Monika | last2 = Rugelsjoen | first2 = Anne | last3 = Wigers | first3 = Sigrid Horven | date = Jan 1997 | title = The Effect of Reproductive Events and Alterations of Sex Hormone Levels on the Symptoms of Fibromyalgia|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/03009749709065698|journal=Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology|language=en|volume=26|issue=5|pages=355–360|doi=10.3109/03009749709065698|issn=0300-9742}}</ref>
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