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===Development of the placenta=== The placenta is a vascular organ that develops during pregnancy, attaching to the wall of the uterus. The umbilical cord connects the placenta to the developing fetus, allowing for blood to pass from the mother. The placenta allows for nutrient supply, thermoregulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange for the developing fetus, as well as production of hormones that support pregnancy for the mother. Towards the end of the pregnancy, the placenta provides antibodies to the fetus for protection against infectious pathogens after birth.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/what-is-the-placenta | title = What is the placenta? | last = | first = | date = July 2017 | website = Pregnancy, Birth & Baby|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-11-14}}</ref> The fetus and the placenta may be detected as foreign threat by the mother's immune system. To prevent this from happening, the placenta secretes molecules containing Neurokinin-B. This is the same mechanism that parasitic nematodes use to evade detection by the host immune system. Additionally, there is a presence of lymphocytic suppressor cells in the fetus, which can inhibit maternal [[Cytotoxic T cell|cytotoxic T cells]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Sakamoto | first = Rie | last2 = Osada | first2 = Hisao | last3 = Iitsuka | first3 = Yoshinori | last4 = Masuda | first4 = Kentarou | last5 = Kaku | first5 = Kenshi | last6 = Seki | first6 = Katsuyoshi | last7 = Sekiya | first7 = Souei | date = May 2003 | title = Profile of neurokinin B concentrations in maternal and cord blood in normal pregnancy|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12699441|journal=Clinical Endocrinology|volume=58|issue=5 | pages = 597β600|issn=0300-0664|pmid=12699441}}</ref> [[File:Pregnant non pregnant histamine ascorbic acid.jpg|right|350x350px]]
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