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'''Probiotics''' are microorganisms that are believed to provide health benefits when consumed. ==Health effects== *Some bacteria species have been shown to inhibit pathogens in the gut<ref name="Travers2011">{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpr/2011/610769/| title = Probiotics for the Control of Parasites: An Overview | last = Travers | first = Marie-Agnès | last2 = Florent | first2 = Isabelle | date = 2011-09-28 | website = Journal of Parasitology Research|language=en|access-date=2021-03-02 | last3 = Kohl | first3 = Linda | last4 = Grellier | first4 = Philippe}}</ref> through competition or by producing their own [[antibiotic]]s. *Probiotics can reduce [[histamine]]s levels, or increase them.{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ==Efficacy== Probiotics should be taken with or immediately before a meal, ideally with 1-2% milk.{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ==Evidence for Commercial Probiotics== ===[[Mutaflor]]=== [[E. Coli Nissle 1917]] (Mutaflor){{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===[[Symbioflor-2]]=== [[E. Coli G1-G10 6 species]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} === Prescript Assist === [[Prescript Assist]] is a commercial probiotic containing 28 soil based bacteria.{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Miyarisan=== [[Miyarisan]] is a Japanese probiotic containing [[clostridium butyricum]],{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} a species that consumes [[lactic acid]] and produces [[butyrate]].{{citation needed}} ===Advanced Orthomolecular Research AOR, Advanced Series, Probiotic-3=== [[Clostridium butyricum]], [[Streptococcus|Streptococcus faecalis]], [[Bacillus mesentericus]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Align=== [[Bifidobacterium infantis]] 35624 {{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Culturelle=== [[Lactobacillus Rhamnosus]] GG{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Bifido/Maximus=== [https://www.nosterprobiotics.com/bifidobacterium-longum/ Bifidobacterium longum], [[Bifidobacterium infantis]], [https://www.nosterprobiotics.com/lactobacillus-rhamnosus/ Lactobacillus rhamnosus], [[Lactobacillus salivarius]], [[Lactobacillus gasseri]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} {{Main article|Bifidobacteria}} ===Enterogermina=== [[Bacillus clausii]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Yakult=== [https://www.nosterprobiotics.com/lactobacillus-casei/ Lactobacillus casei] Shirota ===DanActive=== [[Lactobacillus casei]] Danone ===Bioflorin=== [[Enterococcus faecium]] SF 68{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===BioGaia=== [[Lactobacillus reuteri]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} produces [[vitamin B12]] == Evidence for specific strains == ===Bifidobacteria=== {{main|page_name =Bifidobacteria}} Cost per Billion CFU can vary from 1 cent to $1.62.{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} A recent study found 15/16 commercial offerings in California were mislabeled (i.e. different strain than listed).{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ==== Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 ==== One study found that 6-8 weeks of [[Bifidobacterium infantis]] supplementation reduced [[C-reactive protein]], [[TNF-alpha]] and [[Interleukin 6|IL-6]] levels in [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients.<ref name="Groeger2013">{{Citation| doi = 10.4161/gmic.25487| issn = 1949-0984| volume = 4 | issue = 4| pages = 325–339| last1 = Groeger | first1 = David | last2 = O'Mahony | first2 = Liam | last3 = Murphy | first3 = Eileen F. | last4 = Bourke | first4 = John F. | last5 = Dinan | first5 = Timothy G. | last6 = Kiely | first6 = Barry | last7 = Shanahan | first7 = Fergus | last8 = Quigley | first8 = Eamonn M.M. | title = Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 modulates host inflammatory processes beyond the gut| journal = Gut Microbes| date = August 2013 | pmid = 23842110}}</ref> Another found that ''B. infantis'' boosted [[serotonin]] levels in the brain.{{citation needed}} ==Commercial probiotics without evidence == These are likely harmful because they are known to kill E. coli that is very low in CFS patients. ===Common Yogurts=== [[Lactobacillus Acidophilus]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} == Suspected to be effective but lacking studies == [[GeneralBiotics Equilibrium]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} 115 strains - none are lactobacillus or bifidobacteria. ===Typical Probiotics sold in Health Food Stores=== [[Lactobacillus Acidophilus]]{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} - often kill off the bacteria that was greatly reduced by CFS. Further unbalance the microbiome. ===Megasporebiotic=== Not sufficient research published{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===GcMAF Bravo === "“Streptococci, lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, lactococci, yeasts” - no research, no details of strains{{citation needed | date = Mar 2021}} ===Lactobacillus=== {{main|page_name=Lactobacillus}} ==Notable studies== *2018, Are probiotic treatments useful on [[fibromyalgia]] syndrome or [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] patients? A systematic review.<ref name="Roman2018">{{Cite journal | last = Roman | first = P. | last2 = Carrillo-Trabalón | first2 = F. | last3 = Sánchez-Labraca | first3 = N. | last4 = Cañadas | first4 = F. | last5 = Estévez | first5 = A.F. | last6 = Cardona | first6 = D. | date = 2018-06-15| title = Are probiotic treatments useful on fibromyalgia syndrome or chronic fatigue syndrome patients? A systematic review | url =https://dx.org/10.3920/BM2017.0125|journal=Beneficial Microbes|volume=9|issue=4 | pages = 603–611|doi=10.3920/bm2017.0125|issn=1876-2883}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29695180 (Abstract)] *2018, A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and [[Irritable bowel syndrome|Irritable Bowel Syndrome]] in [[ME|Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME)]].<ref name="Corbitt, 2018">{{Citation | last1 = Corbitt | first1 = M | authorlink1 = | last2 = Campagnolo | first2 = N | authorlink2 = | last3 = Staines | first3 = D | authorlink3 = Donald Staines | last4 = Marshall-Gradisnik | first4 = S | authorlink4 = Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik | title = A Systematic Review of Probiotic Interventions for Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) | journal = Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins | volume = | issue = | page = | date = 2018 | pmid = | doi = 10.1007/s12602-018-9397-8}}</ref> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29464501 (Abstract)] ==Learn more== *2016, [http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2016/01/07/probiotics-cure-my-chronic-fatigue-syndrome/ Probiotics cured my chronic fatigue syndrome] ([[Cort Johnson]], January 7) *2013, [http://www.cortjohnson.org/blog/2013/06/13/a-person-with-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-recovers-and-a-gut-series-begins/ A Person with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Recovers and….a Gut Series Begins] *[https://cfsremission.wordpress.com/2016/07/10/first-survey-results-on-probiotics/ CFS Remission - Survey of Probiotics Responses] == See also == *[[Prebiotics]] *[[Gastrointestinal system]] *[[Microbiome]] *[[CFS Remission]] *[[Ken Lassesen's model]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Supplements]] [[Category:Probiotics]]
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