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Pyruvate dehydrogenase
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'''Pyruvate dehydrogenase''' or '''PDH''' is an [[enzyme]] that is part of the [[citric acid cycle]]. It catalyzes the reaction that transforms [[pyruvate]] into [[acetyl-CoA]], a process called [[pyruvate decarboxylation]]. PDH activity is inhibited by [[pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase]] (PDK). PDH activity is controlled by multiple different factors, including but not limited to: *PDH kinases (PDKs), that inhibit activity of PDH enzymes *PDH phosphatases that yank away PDH’s phosphate group so it does not function properly *[[Sirtuin 4]] (SIRT4), which is also an inhibitor for PDH *PDK1, 2, 3, and 4 *A shift in these or their expression means a shift towards higher glucose, lower pyruvate, lower Acetyl Co-A, and fewer energy-rich molecules produced in the cell to do work. PDH activity can be increased by supplementing with [[L-carnitine]].<ref name="Andrenas1994">{{Cite journal | last = Arenas | first = J. | last2 = Huertas | first2 = R. | last3 = Campos | first3 = Y. | last4 = Díaz | first4 = A.E. | last5 = Villalón | first5 = J.M. | last6 = Vilas | first6 = E. | date = 1994-03-14 | title = Effects of L-carnitine on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and carnitine palmitoyl transferase activities in muscle of endurance athletes|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8137928|journal=FEBS letters|volume=341|issue=1 | pages = 91–93|doi=10.1016/0014-5793(94)80246-7|issn=0014-5793|pmid=8137928}}</ref> ==ME/CFS== A large study by [[Øystein Fluge]] and [[Olav Mella]] of 200 patients meeting the [[Canadian Consensus Criteria]] and 102 controls found a pattern of amino acids that suggested functional impairment of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), supported by increased mRNA expression of the inhibitory PDH kinases 1, 2, and 4; sirtuin 4; and PPARδ in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both sexes.<ref name="Tronstad2017">{{Cite journal | last = Tronstad | first = Karl J. | last2 = Dahl | first2 = Olav | last3 = Ueland | first3 = Per M. | last4 = Helgeland | first4 = Lars | last5 = Sommerfelt | first5 = Kristian | last6 = McCann | first6 = Adrian | last7 = Schäfer | first7 = Christoph | last8 = Bohnen | first8 = Louis M. L.J. | last9 = Baranowska | first9 = Katarzyna A. | date = 2017-01-03 | title = Metabolic profiling indicates impaired pyruvate dehydrogenase function in myalgic encephalopathy/chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://insight.jci.org/articles/view/89376|journal=JCI Insight|language=en|volume=1|issue=21|doi=10.1172/jci.insight.89376|issn=0021-9738}}</ref> ==See also == *[[Acetyl-CoA]] *[[Citric acid cycle]] ==Learn more== *[http://www.meaction.net/2016/12/23/fluge-mella-and-armstrong-more-support-for-disordered-metabolism-in-me-patients Fluge, Mella, and Armstrong: More Support for Disordered Metabolism in ME Patients], #MEAction, December 23, 2016 ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Enzymes]]
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