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Vagus nerve infection hypothesis
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=== Vagus nerve stimulation === [[Vagus nerve stimulation]] (VNS) involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve via a medical device. Use is currently reserved as an adjunctive treatment for certain types of intractable [[epilepsy]] and treatment-resistant [[depression]], but some VNS devices have recently been approved for [[migraine]], and is being researched as a viable treatment for many other conditions, including [[myalgic encephalomyelitis|ME]], CFS, and [[fibromyalgia]].<ref name="Traianos2021">{{Cite journal | title = Ab0051 the Effects of Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Immunological Responses and Patient Reported Outcome Measures of Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, and Rheumatoid Arthritis | date = 2021-06-01|url=https://ard.bmj.com/content/80/Suppl_1/1057.3|journal=Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases|volume=80|issue=Suppl 1|pages=1057–1058 | last = Traianos | first = E. | last2 = Dibnah | first2 = B. | last3 = Lendrem | first3 = D. | last4 = Clark | first4 = Y. | last5 = Macrae | first5 = V. | last6 = Slater | first6 = V. | last7 = Wood | first7 = K. | last8 = Storey | first8 = D. | last9 = Simon | first9 = B. | last10 = Blake | first10 = J. | last11 = Tarn | first11 = J.|language=en|doi=10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1999|issn=0003-4967}}</ref><ref name="Chamizo2022">{{Cite journal | title = Non-Invasive Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Study Protocol | date = Jan 2022|url=https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/1/95/htm|journal=Brain Sciences|volume=12|issue=1 | pages = 95 | last =Molero-Chamizo | first = Andrés | last2 = Nitsche | first2 = Michael A. | last3 = Bolz | first3 = Armin | last4 = Andújar Barroso | first4 = Rafael Tomás | last5 = Alameda Bailén | first5 = José R. | last6 = García Palomeque | first6 = Jesús Carlos | last7 = Rivera-Urbina | first7 = Guadalupe Nathzidy|language=en|doi=10.3390/brainsci12010095|issn=2076-3425}}</ref><ref name="Kutlu2020">{{Cite journal | title = The Impact of Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Pain and Life Quality in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome | date = 2020-03-02|url=https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2020/8656218/|journal=BioMed Research International|volume=2020| pages = e8656218 | last = Kutlu | first = Nazlı | last2 = Özden | first2=Ali Veysel | last3 = Alptekin | first3=Hasan Kerem | last4 = Alptekin | first4=Jülide Öncü|language=en|doi=10.1155/2020/8656218|issn=2314-6133}}</ref> Vagus nerve stimulation promotes the anti-inflammatory effects of the motor (efferent) [[vagus nerve]]. In the case of the vagus nerve infection hypothesis, it may also regulate exaggerated sensory (afferent) signaling. {{See also|Vagus nerve stimulation}}
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