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Dr Markov's chronic bacterial intoxication syndrome (CBIS) theory of ME/CFS
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==Treatment == To treat nephrodysbacteriosis, Dr Markov has pioneered the use of [[autovaccine therapy]]. Autovaccines are a medical technology which date back to 1900, in the pre-antibiotic era. These vaccines work by injecting the patient with their own killed bacteria, in order to stimulate an immune response to target those bacteria. Using a '''high sensitivity urine test''', Dr Markov isolates and identifies the bacterial species causing nephrodysbacteriosis in the kidneys of ME/CFS patients. Using these live bacteria, he then creates an autovaccine. An autovaccine consists of the isolated bacteria which have been heat or chemically killed to render them safe for injection. Dr Markov then gives ME/CFS patients several courses of injections with this autovaccine therapy. He says this autovaccine therapy gradually fixes the nephrodysbacteriosis, which in turn permanently cures the ME/CFS. Dr Markov discovered that antibiotics have no long-term efficacy for treating nephrodysbacteriosis (and finds antibiotics can actually make the kidney dysbiosis worse). But by using autovaccines to stimulate the immune system to mount a targeted attack on the specific bacteria causing the kidney dysbiosis, Dr Markov finds his autovaccine therapy fixes the dysbiosis, and this in turn cures ME/CFS. Dr Igor Markov states that he has treated 4288 ME/CFS patients (children and adults) with his autovaccine therapy from the period 2009 to 2021, and reports that 93% of his patients with nephrodysbacteriosis achieved a full and permanent recovery from ME/CFS (although he says some patients may relapse after 5 to 7 years, but this can be fixed with additional autovaccine therapy). Dr Igor Markov finds CBIS in more than 95% of ME/CFS patients who satisfy the CDC's 1994 [[Fukuda criteria]] for chronic fatigue syndrome. By contrast, in 70 adult healthy controls, Dr Markov found only 7% have nephrodysbacteriosis. Dr Markov speculates that the kidney bacterial dysbiosis of nephrodysbacteriosis might be located in the '''calyces''' and '''renal pelvis''', hollow areas of the kidney which are lined with mucous membranes, but wants other researchers to investigate in order to determine the precise location of the dysbiosis. In some ME/CFS patients, Dr Markov finds that the culprit bacterial dysbiosis that is secreting bacterial toxins into the bloodstream is located in the nasopharynx, rather than (or in addition to) the kidneys. In these cases, Dr Markov takes a sample of the nasopharynx bacteria in order to make an autovaccine for the patient. Note that endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is not the only bacterial toxin involved with CBIS. Dr Markov states he often finds [[enterococcus]], [[staphylococcus]] and [[streptococcus]] in nephrodysbacteriosis, and these gram-positive bacteria do not produce endotoxin, but produce various exotoxins. === Bacterial species found in nephrodysbacteriosis === Dr Markov reports thats in nephrodysbacteriosis, the following bacteria are typically detected in the urine: * Enterococcus + Escherichia coli in 93% of patients * Enterococcus — 37% * Escherichia coli — 25% * Staphylococcus — 10% * Klebsiella — 9% * Streptococcus — 5% * Proteus — 5% * Enterobacter — 4% * Morganella — 2% * Acinetobacter — 1% * Citrobacter — 0.7% * Alcaligenes faecalis — 0.3% * Hafnia — 0.2% * Serratia — 0.2% The percentages indicate the frequency that the bacterial species is found in CBIS patients. Dr Markov says nephrodysbacteriosis can arise when Enterococcus or Enterobacter bacteria from the intestines translocate into the kidneys; or when Staphylococcus and Streptococcus from the nasopharynx translocate into the kidneys.
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