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== Health effects == === Immune system === === Allergy === Mold affects some people who are sensitive to it. Reactions can be mild causing nasal stuffiness, eye irritation, wheezing, or skin irritation. Some who have severe reactions to mold and who may be in certain occupational settings, such as farming, moldy hay could cause more of a severe reaction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm#affect | title = CDC - Mold - General Information - Basic Facts | date = 2018-04-16 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> Others can be more sensitive or impacted due to mold in their home, workplace or school leading to [[Mold illness]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm#help | title = CDC - Mold - General Information - Basic Facts - My landlord or builder will not take any responsibility for cleaning up the mold in my home. Where can I go for help? | last = | first = | date = 2018-04-16 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm#sick | title = CDC - Mold - General Information - Basic Facts - I’m sure that mold in my workplace is making me sick. | last = | first = | date = 2018-04-16 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mold/faqs.htm#school | title = CDC - Mold - General Information - Basic Facts - I am very concerned about mold in my children’s school and how it affects their health. | last = | first = | date = 2018-04-16 | website = [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]|language=en-us|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2018-08-18}}</ref> === Connective tissue === ''[[Stachybotrys chartarum]]'' (black mold) release proteinases that can hydrolyze gelatin, collagen I and IV.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Yike | first = Iwona | last2 = Rand | first2 = Thomas | last3 = Dearborn | first3 = Dorr G. | date = 2007-07-03 | title = The role of fungal proteinases in pathophysiology of Stachybotrys chartarum|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-007-9037-4|journal=Mycopathologia|language=en|volume=164|issue=4|pages=171|doi=10.1007/s11046-007-9037-4|issn=1573-0832}}</ref> Three [[Mycotoxin|mycotoxins]], deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and T-2 toxin, were study in an the context of an experimental cartilage model. They were found to increase the expression of MMPs and result in the loss of aggrecan and type II collagen. Selenium partially inhibited the effects of these mycotoxins.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Caterson | first = Bruce | last2 = Li | first2 = Jin | last3 = Wang | first3 = Jiali | last4 = Luo | first4 = Mingxiu | last5 = Liu | first5 = Jiayuan | last6 = Zhang | first6 = Zengtie | last7 = Fu | first7 = Qiang | last8 = Chen | first8 = Jinghong | last9 = Li | first9 = Siyuan | date = 2012 | title = The Effects of Mycotoxins and Selenium Deficiency on Tissue-Engineered Cartilage|url=https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/335046|journal=Cells Tissues Organs|language=en|volume=196|issue=3|pages=241–250|doi=10.1159/000335046|issn=1422-6405|pmid=22538829}}</ref> === Genetic Predisposition === Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLAs), are found on the surface of nearly every cell in the human body. They help the immune system tell the difference between body tissue and foreign substances. The immune response genes are found on chromosome six. Patients could have two alleles, copies of genes (for each gene, one allele is inherited from a person's father, and the other is inherited from a person's mother), out of approximately 10 possible, as part of their genotype. Based on Dr. Shoemaker's data, in normal populations compared to international registries of gene frequencies of HLA DR, we know the frequency of mold illness-susceptible patients approximates 24% of the normally distributed population. Almost 25% of the normal population is genetically susceptible to chronic mold illness.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.survivingmold.com/diagnosis/lab-tests | title = Lab Tests for Mold Illness - Secrets of Surviving Mold | website = survivingmold.com|access-date=2019-08-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Valtonen | first = Ville | date = 2017-08-10 | title = Clinical Diagnosis of the Dampness and Mold Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Review of the Literature and Suggested Diagnostic Criteria|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5554125/|journal=Frontiers in Immunology|volume=8|doi=10.3389/fimmu.2017.00951|issn=1664-3224|pmc=5554125|pmid=28848553}}</ref>
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