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1949-53 Adelaide outbreak
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== Epidemiology == The male : female ratio was 1: 1.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" |+'''Age distribution in the Adelaide outbreak'''<ref name=":12" /> !Age set !Percentage |- |< 5 |15% |- |5-9 |20% |- |10-15 |10% |- |15-20 |10% |- |20-25 |10% |- |25-30 |10% |- |30-65 |25% |- |> 65 |none |} During the Adelaide outbreak of atypical polio, while the number of reported polio cases increased in New South Wales and Queensland, and remained constant in the rest of Australia, there was a 43% reduction in typical polio cases in South Australia (where Adelaide is located).<ref>[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2542300/ "Poliomyelitis in 1953"] ''Bulletin of the World Health Organization.'' 1955;12(4):595-649.</ref> This may have been indirect evidence of [[Poliovirus#Cross-immunity|cross-immunity]], that is, partial immunity to poliovirus acquired via exposure to a related [[enterovirus]]. A similar phenomenon was observed in Iceland, when children from an area that had recently had an outbreak of [[epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis]] had a stronger response to [[poliovirus]] vaccination, with higher antibody titers.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13515219 | title = Response to poliomyelitis vaccination | last = Sigurdsson | first = B | author-link = Bjรถrn Sigurdsson | date = February 15, 1958 | journal = The Lancet | volume = 1 | pages = 370-1|via=}}</ref> Conversely, in a study of children exposed to live and inactive poliovirus vaccines in Estonia and Finland,<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Juhela | first = S | date = July 1999 | title = Comparison of enterovirus-specific cellular immunity in two populations of young children vaccinated with inactivated or live poliovirus vaccines |url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1905481/ | journal = Clinical & Experimental Immunology | volume = 117 | pages = 100โ105|via=}}</ref> where those who had been exposed to the live polio vaccine had a stronger antibody response to [[Coxsackievirus B4]].
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