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Ibudilast
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{{stub}} ''Ibudilast'' (brand names Ketas or Pinatos in [[Japan]], drug development names AV411 and MN166 the [[United States]])) is a drug used for over 20 years in Japan, mostly for asthma and post-stroke [[dizziness]].<ref name="Rolan2009" /> Ibudilast is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, an immunomodulator, reduces microglial activation, and has anti-inflammatory effects.<ref name="Rolan2009" /> ==Potential uses== Ibudilast is under investigation for a number of new purposes, and evidence exists that it can be combined with [[opioid]]s to reduce chronic [[nerve pain]].<ref name="Rolan2009">{{Cite journal | title = Ibudilast: a review of its pharmacology, efficacy and safety in respiratory and neurological disease | date = Dec 2009 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40023191_Ibudilast_A_review_of_its_pharmacology_efficacy_and_safety_in_respiratory_and_neurological_disease|journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy|volume=10|issue=17 | pages = 2897β2904 | last = Rolan | first = P | authorlink = | last2 = Hutchinson | first2 = MR | authorlink2 = | last3 = Johnson | first3 = KW | authorlink3 = |language=en|doi=10.1517/14656560903426189|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=1465-6566|quote=|via=}}</ref> Many studies of ibudilast are on rats or other animals rather than humans.<ref name="Rolan2009" /> Ibudilast crosses the [[blood-brain barrier]] and suppresses glial cell activation. ==Theory== ==Evidence== ==Clinicians== ==Risks and safety== ==Costs and availability== ==See also== ==Learn more== * ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Immunomodulators]] [[Category:Analgesics]] [[Category:Anti-inflammatories]]
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