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Red blood cell
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[[File:Red blood cells.png|right|thumb|200px|Red blood cells image from the cover of [[Ramsay's Disease - Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) and the Unfortunate Creation of 'CFS']] by [[Leslie Simpson]]. ]] '''Red blood cells''' (RBCs), or '''erythrocytes''', are the most common type of [[blood]] cell in the human body. ''Discoctyes'' are normally shaped red blood cells and [[Stomatocyte|''stomatocytes'']] are cup-shaped red blood cells<ref name="Khairy2008">{{Cite journal | last = Khairy | first = Khaled | last2 = Foo | first2 = JiJinn | last3 = Howard | first3 = Jonathon | date = 2008-09-03| title = Shapes of Red Blood Cells: Comparison of 3D Confocal Images with the Bilayer-Couple Model|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s12195-008-0019-5|journal=Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering|language=en|volume=1|issue=2|pages=173|doi=10.1007/s12195-008-0019-5|issn=1865-5033|pmc = 2963995|pmid=21031149}}</ref> which may appear to have a slit shape in the center, like a coffee bean. ==In ME/CFS == [[File:Redbloodcells-stomatocytes-discocytes.gif|thumb|Red blood cell shapes. Cup-shaped stomatocytes, next to normal biconcave discoctyes.[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12195-008-0019-5 Citation: Khairy, K., Foo, J. & Howard, J. Cel. Mol. Bioeng. (2008) 1: 173.]] Red blood cell abnormalities have been found in patients with [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and [[Gulf War Illness]] A small study of veterans with [[Gulf War Illness]] found increased deformability (the ability of erythrocytes to change shape under a given level of applied stress without rupturing) along with increased [[mean corpuscular hemoglobin]] (MCH), [[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration]] (MCHC) and [[red blood cell distribution width]] (RDW).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal | last = Falvo | first = Michael J. | last2 = Chen | first2 = Yang | last3 = Klein | first3 = Jacquelyn C. | last4 = Ndirangu | first4 = Duncan | last5 = Condon | first5 = Michael R. | date = 2018 | title=Abnormal rheological properties of red blood cells as a potential marker of Gulf War Illness: A preliminary study|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29660926|journal=Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation|volume=68|issue=4|pages=361β370|doi=10.3233/CH-170262|issn=1875-8622|pmid=29660926}}</ref> A 1989 study found higher numbers of cup-form red blood cells known as [[Stomatocyte|stomatocytes]] in [[M.E.|ME]] patients versus controls.<ref name="Simpson1989" /> ==Studies== * 1989, Red blood cell morphology in chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Lloyd | first=A. | last2 = Wakefield | first2 = D. | last3 = Smith | first3 = L. | last4 = Isbister | first4 = J. | last5 = McGrath | first5 = M. | last6 = Collings | first6 = A. | last7 = Bajenov | first7 = N. | date = 1989-07-22| title = Red blood cell morphology in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2568543|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=2|issue=8656|pages=217|issn=0140-6736|pmid=2568543}}</ref> * 1991, Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Cox | first=I. M. | last2 = Campbell | first2 = M.J. | last3 = Dowson | first3 = D. | date = 1991-03-30| title = Red blood cell magnesium and chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1672392|journal=Lancet (London, England)|volume=337|issue=8744 | pages = 757β760|issn=0140-6736|pmid=1672392}}</ref> * 1994, Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Hinds | first = G. | last2 = Bell | first2 = N.P. | last3 = McMaster | first3 = D. | last4 = McCluskey | first4 = D.R. | date = Sep 1994| title = Normal red cell magnesium concentrations and magnesium loading tests in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7832571|journal=Annals of Clinical Biochemistry|volume=31 | issue = Pt 5 | pages = 459β461|doi=10.1177/000456329403100506|issn=0004-5632|pmid=7832571}}</ref> * 2004, Autonomic function and serum erythropoietin levels in chronic fatigue syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Winkler | first=Andrea S. | last2 = Blair | first2 = Dorothy | last3 = Marsden | first3 = Joanne T. | last4 = Peters | first4 = Timothy J. | last5 = Wessely | first5 = Simon | last6 = Cleare | first6 = Anthony J. | date = Feb 2004| title = Autonomic function and serum erythropoietin levels in chronic fatigue syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016575|journal=Journal of Psychosomatic Research|volume=56|issue=2|pages=179β183|doi=10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00543-9|issn=0022-3999|pmid=15016575}}</ref> * 2018, Red blood cell deformability is diminished in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Saha | first=Amit K. | last2 = Schmidt | first2 = Brendan R. | last3 = Wilhelmy | first3 = Julie | last4 = Nguyen | first4 = Vy | last5 = Abugherir | first5 = Abed | last6 = Do | first6 = Justin K. | last7 = Nemat-Gorgani | first7 = Mohsen | last8 = Davis | first8 = Ronald W. | last9 = Ramasubramanian | first9 = Anand K. | date = 2018-12-28| title = Red blood cell deformability is diminished in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30594919|journal=Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation|doi=10.3233/CH-180469|issn=1875-8622|pmid=30594919}}</ref> * 2018, Abnormal rheological properties of red blood cells as a potential marker of Gulf War Illness: A preliminary study.<ref name=":0" /> ==See also== *[[:Portal:Cardiovascular system|Cardiovascular system]] *[[Stomatocyte|Stomatocytes]] *[[Blood|Blood in ME/CFS]] *[[Leucocyte|White blood cell]] == References == <references> <ref name="Simpson1989">{{Citation | last1 = Simpson | first1 = LO | authorlink1 = Leslie Simpson | title = Nondiscocytic erythrocytes in myalgic encephalomyelitis | journal = The New Zealand Medical Journal | volume = 102 | issue = 864 | page = 126-127 | date = 1989 | pmid = 2927808 | doi = }}</ref> </references> [[Category:Biochemistry and cell biology]] [[Category:Body systems]] [[Category:Blood components]]
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