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{{stub}} Patients with [[ME/CFS]] can have a range of hypersensitives, which may mild or severe. Hypersensitives recognized in ME/CFS include sensitivity to: * [[light]] ([[photophobia]]) * [[sound]] (hyperacusis) * [[hyperalgesia|touch]] * [[Food sensitivities|foods intolerances]] * [[odor sensitivities]] * [[Chemical sensitivities|chemicals]], including developing [[multiple chemical sensitivity]] (MCS) * [[vibration sensitivity]] [[Hyperalgesia]], which is a greatly increased sensitivity to pain, may also occur.<ref name="canadianconsensus" /> ==Symptom recognition== ===Canadian Consensus Criteria === '''Perceptual and sensory disturbances''' count as one of the '''Neurological/Cognitive manifestations''' used for diagnosis, the examples given are: "[[spatial instability]] and disorientation and [[inability to focus vision]]". [[Ataxia]], [[Paresis|muscle weakness]] and [[Muscle fasciculations|fasciculations]] are common. There may be [[sensory overload|overload phenomena]]: cognitive, sensory–e.g., [[photophobia]] and [[Hyperacusis|hypersensitivity to noise]]–and/or [[emotional overload]], which may lead to "[[crash]]" periods and/or [[anxiety]]."1,2 The following hypersensitivity and sensory symptoms are recognized in Appendix 4: {{:List_of_symptoms_in_ME_CFS/Canadian/Sensory}}<ref name="canadianconsensus"/><div style="clear: both"></div> ===International Consensus Criteria=== Hypersensitivities are divided into a few main areas, as optimal diagnostic criteria: *'''Neurocognitive symptoms:''' **{{:List_of_symptoms_in_ME_CFS/ICC/Neurological/Neurosensory_and_perceptual}}<ref name="ICC2011primer" /> *'''Immune, Gastro-intestinal and Genitourinary:''' **{{:List_of_symptoms_in_ME_CFS/ICC/Immune_Gastro/MCS}}<ref name="ICC2011primer" /> ==Allergies == Most hypersensitives are not [[allergy|allergies]] and are mediated by different antibodies, for example a peanut allergy causing [[anaphylaxis|anaphylactic shock]] is a Type I hypersensitivity mediated by the IgE antibody, and is different to a Type IV hypersensitivity such as contact dermitatis caused by poison ivy.<ref name="18.1-OpenStax" /> Only Type I hypersensitives are classed as allergies. ==Antibodies== A number of different antibodies have a role in hypersensitivities, including [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]].<ref name="18.1-OpenStax">{{Cite book |chapter-url=https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/19-1-hypersensitivities | url = https://openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/1-introduction | title = Microbiology | last = Parker | first = Nina | authorlink= | last2 = Schneegurt | first2 = Mark | authorlink2 = | date = Nov 1, 2016 | website = OpenStax|location=Houston, Texas|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-07-09 | last3 = Tu | first3 = Anh-Hue Thi | last4 = Lister | first4 = Philip | last5 = Forster | first5 = Brian M.|chapter=18.1 Overview of Specific Adaptive Immunity}}</ref> ==Notable studies== == See also == * [[Sensory overload]] * [[List of symptoms in ME CFS|List of symptoms in ME/CFS]] * [[Severe and very severe ME|Severe and very severe M.E.]] * [[Immunoglobulin G]] == Learn more == == References == <references> <ref name="canadianconsensus"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthersJainDe_MeirleirPeterson2003" class="citation">[[Bruce Carruthers|Carruthers, Bruce M.]]; [[Anil Kumar Jain|Jain, Anil Kumar]]; [[Kenny De Meirleir|De Meirleir, Kenny L.]]; [[Daniel Peterson|Peterson, Daniel L.]]; [[Nancy Klimas|Klimas, Nancy G.]]; [[Martin Lerner|Lerner, A. Martin]]; [[Alison Bested|Bested, Alison C.]]; [[Pierre Flor-Henry|Flor-Henry, Pierre]]; [[Pradip Joshi|Joshi, Pradip]]; [[A C Peter Powles|Powles, A C Peter]]; [[Jeffrey Sherkey|Sherkey, Jeffrey A.]]; [[Marjorie van de Sande|van de Sande, Marjorie I.]] (2003), [http://www.investinme.org/Documents/PDFdocuments/CanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf "Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Clinical Working Case Definition, Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols"] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, ''Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'', <b>11</b> (2): 7-115, [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[//doi.org/10.1300%2FJ092v11n01_02 10.1300/J092v11n01_02]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chronic+Fatigue+Syndrome&rft.atitle=Myalgic+Encephalomyelitis%2FChronic+Fatigue+Syndrome%3A+Clinical+Working+Case+Definition%2C+Diagnostic+and+Treatment+Protocols&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=7-115&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1300%2FJ092v11n01_02&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst = Bruce+M.&rft.au=Jain%2C+Anil+Kumar&rft.au=De+Meirleir%2C+Kenny+L.&rft.au=Peterson%2C+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Klimas%2C+Nancy+G.&rft.au=Lerner%2C+A.+Martin&rft.au=Bested%2C+Alison+C.&rft.au=Flor-Henry%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Pradip&rft.au=Powles%2C+A+C+Peter&rft.au=Sherkey%2C+Jeffrey+A.&rft.au=van+de+Sande%2C+Marjorie+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investinme.org%2FDocuments%2FPDFdocuments%2FCanadianDefinitionME-CFS.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwww.me-pedia.org%3AHypersensitivity" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></ref> <ref name="ICC2011primer"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthersvan_de_SandeDe_MeirleirKlimas2012" class="citation">[[Bruce Carruthers|Carruthers, BM]]; [[Marjorie van de Sande|van de Sande, MI]]; [[Kenny de Meirleir|De Meirleir, KL]]; [[Nancy Klimas|Klimas, NG]]; [[Gordon Broderick|Broderick, G]]; [[Terry Mitchell|Mitchell, T]]; [[Donald Staines|Staines, D]]; [[A C Peter Powles|Powles, ACP]]; [[Nigel Speight|Speight, N]]; [[Rosamund Vallings|Vallings, R]]; [[Lucinda Bateman|Bateman, L]]; [[David Bell|Bell, DS]]; [[Nicoletta Carlo-Stella|Carlo-Stella, N]]; [[John Chia|Chia, J]]; [[Austin Darragh|Darragh, A]]; [[Anne Gerken|Gerken, A]]; [[Daehyun Jo|Jo, D]]; [[Donald Lewis|Lewis, DP]]; [[Alan Light|Light, AR]]; [[Kathleen Light|Light, KC]]; [[Sonya Marshall-Gradisnik|Marshall-Gradisnik, S]]; [[John McLaren-Howard|McLaren-Howard, J]]; [[Ismael Mena|Mena, I]]; [[Kunihisa Miwa|Miwa, K]]; [[Modra Murovska|Murovska, M]]; [[Staci Stevens|Stevens, SR]] (2012), [http://www.investinme.org/Documents/Guidelines/Myalgic%20Encephalomyelitis%20International%20Consensus%20Primer%20-2012-11-26.pdf ''Myalgic encephalomyelitis: Adult & Paediatric: International Consensus Primer for Medical Practitioners''] <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>, [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-9739335-3-6|978-0-9739335-3-6]]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myalgic+encephalomyelitis%3A+Adult+%26+Paediatric%3A+International+Consensus+Primer+for+Medical+Practitioners&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-9739335-3-6&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst = BM&rft.au=van+de+Sande%2C+MI&rft.au=De+Meirleir%2C+KL&rft.au=Klimas%2C+NG&rft.au=Broderick%2C+G&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+T&rft.au=Staines%2C+D&rft.au=Powles%2C+ACP&rft.au=Speight%2C+N&rft.au=Vallings%2C+R&rft.au=Bateman%2C+L&rft.au=Bell%2C+DS&rft.au=Carlo-Stella%2C+N&rft.au=Chia%2C+J&rft.au=Darragh%2C+A&rft.au=Gerken%2C+A&rft.au=Jo%2C+D&rft.au=Lewis%2C+DP&rft.au=Light%2C+AR&rft.au=Light%2C+KC&rft.au=Marshall-Gradisnik%2C+S&rft.au=McLaren-Howard%2C+J&rft.au=Mena%2C+I&rft.au=Miwa%2C+K&rft.au=Murovska%2C+M&rft.au=Stevens%2C+SR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.investinme.org%2FDocuments%2FGuidelines%2FMyalgic%2520Encephalomyelitis%2520International%2520Consensus%2520Primer%2520-2012-11-26.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fwww.me-pedia.org%3AHypersensitivity" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></ref> </references> [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Sensitivity signs and symptoms]]
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