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Diagnostic biomarker
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=== Mitochondrial energy production blockage === Studies by Myhill, Booth and McLaren-Howard<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Myhill|first = Sarah | last2 = Booth | first2 = Norman E. | last3 = McLaren-Howard | first3 = John | date = 2009-01-15 | title = Chronic fatigue syndrome and mitochondrial dysfunction | url =https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2680051/|journal=International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine|volume=2|issue=1 | pages = 1ā16|issn=1940-5901|pmc=2680051|pmid=19436827}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Booth|first = Norman E | last2 = Myhill | first2 = Sarah | last3 = McLaren-Howard | first3 = John | date = 2012-06-15 | title = Mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3403556/|journal=International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine|volume=5|issue=3 | pages = 208ā220|issn=1940-5901|pmc=3403556|pmid=22837795}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Myhill|first = Sarah | last2 = Booth | first2 = Norman E | last3 = McLaren-Howard | first3 = John | date = 2012-11-20 | title = Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction in the treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) - a clinical audit | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3515971/|journal=International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine|volume=6|issue=1 | pages = 1ā15|issn=1940-5901|pmc=3515971|pmid=23236553}}</ref> have shown the mitochondriaĀ of ME/CFSĀ patients to have energy production defects. Their studies employed the ATP Profiles Test<ref>{{Cite web | url = https://www.drmyhill.co.uk/wiki/Mitochondrial_Function_Profile | title = Mitochondrial Function Profile - DoctorMyhill | website = drmyhill.co.uk|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref> (Acumen Laboratory, Tiverton,Ā Devon, UK) to measure theĀ functional efficiency of five metabolic processesĀ involved in mitochondrial energy production (the test provides five numerical values indicating the functional efficiency of each energy metabolism process). Using this ATP Profiles Test, the authors discovered that almost all the 200 or so ME/CFS patients in their cohorts had impaired mitochondrialĀ energy production. However, out of the five energy metabolism processes measured, each patient had their own particular processes that were at fault (running at low efficiency), and their own particular processes which were working OK (running at normal efficiency).Ā Because these studies discovered ME/CFSĀ patients can have energy metabolism defects in several of the energy metabolism processes measured, the authors combined the efficiency values for each of the 5 processes into one single efficiency figure, which they call theĀ Mitochondrial Energy ScoreĀ (MES). The MES is thus a single numerical value that givesĀ the overall efficiency of a patient's mitochondrial energy production. The authors found there is a high degree of correlation between the Mitochondrial Energy Score and the degree of severity of ME/CFS (severity as measured on theĀ [[Bell CFIDS disability scale|Bell scale]]). Furthermore, the Mitochondrial Energy Score was able to successfully distinguish between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls in nearly all cases.
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