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Dysgeusia
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'''Dysgeusia''' or '''parageusia''' is an altered sense of taste, which may involve a persistent unpleasant taste, '''ageusia''' is a total loss of sense of taste, and '''hypogeusia''' is a reduced ability to taste sweet, sour, bitter, salty or umami (delicious/savoury) tastes.<ref name="JHopkinsSmell-taste">{{Cite web | url=https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/smell-and-taste-disorders | title = Smell and Taste Disorders | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = Johns Hopkins Medicine|language=en| archive-url = | archive-date = |url-status = | access-date=2021-12-14}}</ref><ref name="ageusia">{{Cite book | last = Doty | first = R.L. | date = 2014-01-01|editor-last = Aminoff|editor-first = Michael J.|editor2-last = Daroff|editor2-first = Robert B. | title = Ageusia| url = https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012385157401112X|language=en|location=Oxford| publisher = Academic Press | pages = 69–71|isbn=978-0-12-385158-1}}</ref> A change in [[changes in sense of smell|sense of smell]] may occur alongside a change in sense of taste.<ref name="JHopkinsSmell-taste" /><ref name="dysgeusia">{{Cite book | title = The Five Senses and Beyond: The Encyclopedia of Perception: The Encyclopedia of Perception | date = 2016-11-07| publisher = ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-4408-3417-2|language=en | url = https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Five_Senses_and_Beyond_The_Encyclope.html?id=4sFCDQAAQBAJ | last = Hellier | first = Jennifer L.}}</ref> ==Prevalence in ME/CFS== *2001, In a Belgian study, 38.0% of patients meeting the [[Fukuda criteria]] for [[chronic fatigue syndrome]] and 42.4% of patients meeting the [[Holmes criteria]], in a cohort of 2073 [[Chronic fatigue syndrome|CFS]] patients, reported changes in taste, hearing or smell.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = De Becker | first = Pascale | authorlink = Pascale De Becker | last2 = McGregor | first2 = Neil | authorlink2 = Neil McGregor | last3 = De Meirleir | first3 = Kenny | authorlink3 = Kenny De Meirleir | date = December 2001 | title = A definition‐based analysis of symptoms in a large cohort of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x?sid=nlm%3Apubmed|journal=Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=250|issue=3 | pages = 234–240|doi=10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00890.x|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Symptom recognition== An altered sense of taste is a potential symptom of [[Long COVID]] in the [[World Health Organization Long COVID diagnostic criteria|World Health Organization]]'s definition.<ref name="WHO-longcovid-criteria">{{citation | title = A clinical case definition of post COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus | date =Oct 6, 2021 | publisher = [[World Health Organization]] | others = World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition working group on post COVID-19 condition | first1 = Joan B. | last1 = Soriano | first2 = Maya | last2 = Allan | first3 = Carine | last3 = Alsokhn | first4 = Nisreen A. | last4 = Alwan | authorlink4 = Nisreen Alwan | first5 = Lisa | last5 = Askie | first6 = Hannah E. | last6 = Davis | author-link6 = Hannah Davis | first7 = Janet V. | last7 = Diaz | first8 = Tarun | last8 = Dua | first9 = Wouter | last9 = de Groote | first10 = Robert | last10 = Jakob | first11 = Marta | last11 = Lado | first12 = John | last12 = Marshall | first13 = Srin | last13 = Murthy | first14 = Jacobus | last14 = Preller | first15 = Pryanka | last15 = Relan | first16 = Nicoline | last16 = Schiess | first17 = Archana | last17 = Seahwag | ref = WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/Post_COVID-19_condition/Clinical_case_definition/2021.1 | url = https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1}}</ref> ==Notable studies== ==Possible causes== Common causes of altered sense of taste and/or [[changes in sense of smell|smell]] include: *nervous system diseases, e.g., [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], or [[multiple sclerosis]] *colds, [[influenza|flu]] or flu-like illnesses, sinus problems and [[allergies]] *head injury *some drugs, e.g. [[zopiclone]] *some scientists have found altered or loss of smell and taste linked to [[COVID-19]] illness in some patients<ref name="JHopkinsSmell-taste" /><ref name="dysgeusia" /><ref>{{Cite journal | last = Mehraeen | first = Esmaeil | last2 = Behnezhad | first2 = Farzane | last3 = Salehi | first3 = Mohammad Amin | last4 = Noori | first4 = Tayebeh | last5 = Harandi | first5 = Hamid | last6 = SeyedAlinaghi | first6 = SeyedAhmad | date = 2020-06-17 | title = Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a review of current evidence | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7297932/|journal=European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology | pages = 1–6|doi=10.1007/s00405-020-06120-6|issn=0937-4477|pmc=7297932|pmid=32556781}}</ref> ==Learn more== *[https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/smell-and-taste-disorders Smell and taste disorders] - Johns Hopkins University ==See also== *[[Changes in sense of smell]] *[[COVID-19]] (Coronavirus disease 19) *[[Influenza|flu]] ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Neurological signs and symptoms]]
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