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Leucine
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{{NeedsImage}} '''Leucine''' or '''L-leucine''' is a [[pyruvate dehydrogenase|pyruvate]] family amino acid and a essential [[amino acid]]s for humans.<ref name="pubchem">{{Cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Leucine | title = Leucine | last = PubChem | website = PubChem|language=en|access-date=2021-10-31}}</ref> Leucine is also available as a natural supplement, and in [[branched chain amino acid]] (BCAA) supplements.<ref name="vanderPollch">{{Cite book | title = Guide to Nutritional Supplements | pages = 7-8|isbn=978-0-12-375661-9|edition=|volume=|language=en|title-link=|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_VjxiHvdlOQC&newbks=0&lpg=PA7&pg=PA7#v=snippet&f=true|access-date= | date = 2009-09-02|publisher=Academic Press | last = van der Poll|first = MCG | authorlink = | last2 = Luiking | first2 = YC | authorlink2 = | last3 = Dejong | first3 = CHC | authorlink3 = | last4 = Soeters | first4 = PB | authorlink4 = |veditors=|others=|doi=|oclc=|quote=|archive-url=|archive-date=|location=Oxford, UK|editor-last = Caballero|editor-first = Benjamin|editor1-link=|editor-last2 = |editor-first2 = |chapter=Amino Acids}}</ref> ==Purpose== Leucine is an important amino acid for protein synthesis, and for [[energy metabolism]]. Leucine also helps regulate blood sugar, grow and repair [[muscle]] and bone tissue, produces [[human growth hormone|growth hormone]], and supports wound healing.<ref name="ncit">{{Cite web|url=https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&version=21.10d&ns=ncit&code=C29599&key=n1894746555&b=1&n=null | title = Leucine {{!}} NCI Thesaurus | last = | first = | authorlink = | date = | website = National Cancer Institute|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=2021-11-01}}</ref> Leucine has a role as a plant metabolite, an [[E. coli]] (bacteria) metabolite, a human metabolite and others.<ref name="pubchem" /> Leucine is concentrated in muscle tissues in humans, and like other BCAAs (isoleucine and valine) it is mostly oxidized in skeletal muscles rather than the liver.<ref name="vanderPollch" /><ref name="ncit" /> Leucine, once catalyzed, contributes to [[ATP]] production, which is vital when moving from rest to [[exercise]].<ref name="vanderPollch" /> ==Sources== Leucine is available in many different foods, so leucine deficiency is very rare. Good dietary sources of leucine include: *Salmon *Tuna *Brown rice *Corn *Eggs *Beans including garbanzo (chickpeas) and soy beans *Nuts, including pine nuts, almonds, brazil nuts, and pistachios *Unsweetened cocoa powder *Beef<ref name="webmd-7sources">{{Cite web|url=https://www.webmd.com/diet/foods-high-in-leucine | title = Top Foods High in Leucine|website=WebMD|language=en|access-date=2021-11-01}}</ref><ref name="Rondanelli2021">{{Cite journal | last = Rondanelli|first = Mariangela | last2 = Nichetti | first2 = Mara | last3 = Peroni | first3 = Gabriella | last4 = Faliva | first4 = Milena Anna | last5 = Naso | first5 = Maurizio | last6 = Gasparri | first6 = Clara | last7 = Perna | first7 = Simone | last8 = Oberto | first8 = Letizia | last9 = Di Paolo | first9 = Enrica | date = 2021 | title=Where to Find Leucine in Food and How to Feed Elderly With Sarcopenia in Order to Counteract Loss of Muscle Mass: Practical Advice|url=https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnut.2020.622391|journal=Frontiers in Nutrition|volume=7 | pages = 383|doi=10.3389/fnut.2020.622391|issn=2296-861X}}</ref> ==Evidence == Leucine helps prevents breakdown of [[muscle]] proteins after physical injury or severe stress, and it has been investigated for metabolic support.<ref name="ncit" /><ref name="vanderPollch" /> Leucine has been used to treat sarcopenia, which is the loss of lean skeletal muscle mass, in the elderly.<ref name="Rondanelli2021" /> ==ME/CFS== ==Costs and availability == Available over the counter as a dietary supplement. ===Branch-Chain Amino Acids === Leucine is branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and found in BCAA supplements, along with [[isoleucine]] and [[valine]].<ref name="vanderPollch" /> ===AXA1125 === Leucine is one of a number of amino acids in [[AXA1125]], which is undergoing clinical trials for a number of uses. ==Risks and safety == ==See also == *[[Branched chain amino acid]]s (BCAA) *[[AXA1125]] *[[Fat burner]] ==Learn more == *[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Leucine Leucine] - PubChem ==References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Amino acids]] [[Category:Potential treatments]] [[Category:Immunostimulants]]
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