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Microclots
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'''Microclots''' or '''micro-clots''' are extremely small blood clots, and have been found in some [[Long COVID]] patients<ref name="faq">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stimulate-icp.org/faq | title = Frequently Asked Questions|website=[[STIMULATE-ICP]]}}</ref> and in an initial study of [[ME/CFS]] patients.<ref name="Nunes2022" /> ==ME/CFS == In 2022, Nunes et al. found fibrinaloid microclots in [[ME/CFS]] patients, which they suggested was the result (rather than the cause) of [[Post-Viral Fatigue|post-viral illness]].<ref name="Nunes2022" /><ref name="PretoriusJul29">{{Cite tweet|url=https://twitter.com/resiapretorius/status/1553088377465065472?s=12&t=jL7wdPmPSik3vB0JPa4ZAA|user=resiapretorius | title = We do not suggest it is the cause of the disease, it is the *result* of post-viral illness - as is platelet hyperactivation and eventually widespread systemic vascular disease. | first = Resia | authorlink = Etheresia Pretorius | date = Jul 29, 2022|access-date= | last = Pretorius|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|quote=}}</ref> ==Long COVID == Microclots are a recognized symptom of [[Long COVID]]. They may result in reduced oxygen flow to large muscles; a hypothesis is that this reduced oxygen availability causes the [[post-exertional malaise]] or and/or [[exercise intolerance]] reported by some people with [[Long COVID]].<ref name="faq" /> ==Possible causes == ==Possible treatments == [[Rivaroxaban]] is an anti-clotting drug being investigated as a possible treatment for Long COVID patients with microclots.<ref name="faq" /> Nattokinase is an enzyme derived from Natto, a popular traditional Japanese food made from soybeans fermented by Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Nattokinase has the highest clot-dissolving potency among naturally known anticoagulants. A clinical trial demonstrated that oral consumption of nattokinase was not associated with any adverse effects. Thus, nattokinase is now considered an efficient, secure, and economical enzyme that has drawn central attention in thrombolytic drug studies.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Degradative Effect of Nattokinase on Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 | date = Jan 2022|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5405|journal=Molecules|volume=27|issue=17|pages=5405 | last = Tanikawa | first = Takashi | authorlink = | last2 = Kiba | first2 = Yuka | authorlink2 = | last3 = Yu | first3 = James | author-link3 = | last4 = Hsu | first4 = Kate | authorlink4 = | last5 = Chen | first5 = Shinder | authorlink5 = | last6 = Ishii | first6 = Ayako | authorlink6 = | last7 = Yokogawa | first7 = Takami | last8 = Suzuki | first8 = Ryuichiro|last9 = Inoue | first9 = Yutaka | last10 = Kitamura | first10 = Masashi|language=en|doi=10.3390/molecules27175405|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=1420-3049|quote=|via=}}</ref> ==Notable studies == *2022, The Occurrence of Hyperactivated Platelets and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS)<ref name="Nunes2022">{{Cite journal | title = The Occurrence of Hyperactivated Platelets and Fibrinaloid Microclots in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) | date = August 2022|url=https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/931/htm|journal=Pharmaceuticals|volume=15|issue=8 | pages = 931 | last = Nunes | first = Jean M. | authorlink = Jean Nunes | last2 = Kruger | first2 = Arneaux | authorlink2 = | last3 = Proal | first3 = Amy | authorlink3 = Amy Proal | last4 = Kell | first4 = Douglas B. | authorlink4 = | last5 = Pretorius | first5 = Etheresia | authorlink5 = Etheresia Pretorius | last6 = | first6 = | authorlink6 = | last9 = | first9 = |language=en|doi=10.3390/ph15080931|pmc=|pmid=|access-date=|issn=1424-8247|quote=|via=}}</ref> - [https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15080931 (Full text)] ==News and articles == *2022, [https://www.newscientist.com/article/2331395-chronic-fatigue-syndrome-may-be-caused-by-mini-blood-clots/ Chronic fatigue syndrome may be caused by mini blood clots] - New Scientist ==Learn more== *[[STIMULATE-ICP]] trial for Long COVID ==See also== *[[Long COVID]] *[[Rivaroxaban]] *[[Exercise intolerance]] *[[Post-exertional malaise]] ==References== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Cardiovascular signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Vascular signs and symptoms]] [[Category:Long COVID signs and symptoms]]
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